FAT32 maximum file size

This refers to computer science terminology, specificallydefines various intrinsic data types, each of which describes a set of valuesthat can be assigned to variables and expressions of the given type.
2^32 - 1 is the ordinal data type, an unsignedbinary numeric value contained in a 32-bit double word. All bits areconsidered in determining magnitude of the number. Besides the fact that valuerange of an 8-bit ordinal number is 0 to 255; 16 bits represents values from 0 to65,535; 32 bits actually goes from 0 through 2^(32) -1.

It is a 32-bit unsigned double word integer thatranges from 0 to 4,294,967,295 = 232 – 1. The –1 is needed to define the data range and is a scientific way to represent the value forit.
Note: 4,294,967,295 equals 4 Gb that is the maximum size for FAT32 file system.