英文grammar_present participles

Present participles can be used:
(1) as adjectives, e.g. The quivering branches indicate the wind is blowing;
(2) with auxiliary verbs to form the Present Continuous tense, e.g. The branches are quivering as the wind blows.

"Quiver" is a verb; "Qivering" is a present participle, formed by "verb" + ing, but "Quivering" itself is not a verb.

*Note: verb + ing is not always a present participle, it can be a gerund (a noun), e.g. The branches stop quivering when the wind calms down.

A Present participle is an adjective used to describe an "active" action of the "noun", e.g. The quivering branches. (the action "quivering" comes from the noun "branches").

A Past partiiple is an adjective used to describe a "passive" action of the noun, and can only be used if the "verb" (+ed) is a transitive verb. Since "Quiver" is an intransitive verb, we will use the transitive verb "drive" as examples.

(1) Present Participle: While driving to work, he saw an accident.
(2) Past Participle: While driven to work, he saw an accident.
In example (1), the present participle is like an "active voice", "he" was driving the car. In example (2), the past participle is like a "passive voice", "he" was being driven by the driver as a passenger in the car.
*note: in this example "driven" is the past participle of "drive", so it is not "verb" + ed, because it is an irregular verb.

Past participle is also used like a "perfect tense", as an adjective describing an action of the noun which has been completed. : e.g. Having taken a few drinks, he took a taxi home instead of driving. "Having taken a few drinks" is a past participle adjective phrase that describes what "he" had done before taking the taxi.

What is a participle?
A participle is a word formed from a verb that can function as part of a verb phrase.

For example:-

has been

Or independently as an adjective.

For example:-

working woman
hot water bottle

There are three forms of participle: The present participle, the past participle and the perfect participle.

!Note - We use past participles (-ed) to describe how we feel. We use present participles [-ing] to describe what caused the feelings.

Refer to the link for answer.

http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/grammar/participles_form.htm

2013-10-28 07:21:02 補充：
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