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Relative clause is a clause that is attached to another clause usually by a relative pronoun [who, (whom, whose), which, that, ..]. It usually comes after a noun and identifies what is meant or adds information. Relative clause is also called adjectival clause). Relative clauses describe or provide information about something or someone that we have usually already specified.
For example,
I like working with students who appreciate what I do. (who … refers to students)
Her son died, which was the beginning of her depression. (which …. refers to “Her son died”)
Relative clauses are similar in function to adjectives.
I like working with appreciative students.
Relative clauses also enable us to join two clauses without repeating things.
I had to translate the whole text. Translating the whole text was difficult for me.
I had to translate the whole text, which was difficult for me.
We sometimes use relative clauses in order to identify things (or people) – to distinguish them from other, similar things (or people)
Who was that girl who said hello to you?
I can’t find the book that I’m reading.
Non relative clause is any clause which is not a relative clause, e.g. noun clause, adverb clause. It doesn’t function as an adjectival clause.
I noticed that the door was open. (noun clause ~ object)
They succeeded because they worked hard. (adverb clause of reason)
I don't understand "examples on these tenses ??".
參考: Grammar for English Language; Oxford Learning Grammar