✔ 最佳答案
孔子的英文
因為孔子本名和後世的尊稱眾多,所以有不同的英文名字和稱謂。
孔子( Kongzi),姓孔(Kong),名丘(Qiu ),字仲尼(Zhongni )。
後世尊為孔聖人"Sage Kong"、至聖"Great Sage"、先師"First Teacher"、至聖先師"Extremely Sage Departed Teacher"、萬世師表 "Model Teacher for Ten Thousand Ages" 。
西方給孔子拉丁化的名字是"Confucius",源於16世紀傳教士給孔夫子的譯名"Kong Fuzi",是最常用的英文名。
儒學的英文Confucism/Confucianism則是由Confucius而來的。
參考:
Confucius' family and personal name respectively was Kong Qiu (孔丘 Kǒng Qiū). His courtesy name was Zhongni (仲尼 Zhòngní).Following an Old Chinese reconstruction, his family and personal name respectively may have been Kʰˤoŋʔ Kʷʰə, while his courtesy name may have been Truŋsnˤərs. In Chinese, he is most often known as Kongzi (孔子, literally "Master Kong").He is also known by the honorific Kong Fuzi (孔夫子 Kǒng Fūzǐ, literally "Master Kong"). In the Wade–Giles system of romanization(韋氏拼音), the honorific name is rendered as "K'ung Fu-tzu". The Latinized name "Confucius" is derived from "Kong Fuzi", which was first coined by 16th-century Jesuit missionaries to China, most probably by Matteo Ricci.
Within the Analects, he is often referred to simply as "the Master" (子). In 1 AD, Confucius was given his first posthumous name, the "Laudably Declarable Lord Ni" (褒成宣尼公). In 1530, he was declared the "Extremely Sage Departed Teacher" (至聖先師). He is also known separately as the "Great Sage" (至聖), "First Teacher" (先師), and "Model Teacher for Ten Thousand Ages" (萬世師表).
2013-07-05 23:22:07 補充:
孔子怎麼姓孔呢?
原來,準確地說,孔並不是孔子本人的姓,而是他的氏。古人的姓與氏是分開的,男子不稱姓,稱氏。孔子的孔,最初是氏,後來才變成了姓。孔子的孔,作為氏號,也就是孔氏,古文獻中已有明確答案。 《孔子家語·本姓解》指出:孔子先祖本是宋國公室成員,傳到孔父嘉時, 五世親盡,別為公族,故後以孔為氏焉。 《闕里文獻考》卷一也說:孔子先祖從弗父何到孔父嘉, 五世親盡,當別為公族,乃以字為孔氏。
2013-07-05 23:41:21 補充:
孔子的姓是孔是正確的原因?
孔氏一系,名號中稱氏的,是從孔子開始,其後固定下來,如孔子的兒子叫孔鯉,孫子叫孔伋,曾孫叫孔白,玄孫叫孔求,等等。後來,氏變成了姓,孔也就由氏變成了姓。
由於孔子是聖人,也由於孔氏是從孔子開始固定下來,所以戰國中後期孔子的直系子孫皆奉孔子為始祖。
希望回答者001和意見者001「阿媽」現在明白孔姓的因由,不再以為孔子是姓別的了。
參考: Chin, Ann-ping (2007). The authentic Confucius: A life of thought and politics. New York: Scribner. ISBN 978-0-7432-4618-7. Rainey, Lee Dian (2010). Confucius & Confucianism: The essentials. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-1-4051-8841-8.