"Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Fetal alcohol syndrome is reportedly the most severe effect of alcohol use during pregnancy. The March of Dimes explains that FAS is the most common known cause of mental retardation that is entirely preventable. Babies exposed to alcohol during pregnancy and are diagnosed with FAS are abnormally small at birth and typically remain small throughout their lives. FAS babies have characteristic facial features such as small eyes and thin upper lip. Organs such as the heart are not developed properly during gestation and the brain is often abnormally formed. Deformity of the brain often leads to the cognitive and learning disabilities commonly associated with FAS. Prevention of this lifetime disorder is simply choosing not to drink any alcohol while pregnant.
Alcohol-Related Birth Defects
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) indicates there are alcohol-related birth defects (ARBD) that may occur due to alcohol exposure during pregnancy. ARBD refers to the physical or cognitive deficits of the child as a result of alcohol exposure. The symptoms may range from mild to severe depending on amount of exposure and during what trimester the fetus was exposed to alcohol. The March of Dimes lists physical birth defects such as impairments to the heart and kidneys among the potential effects of fetal alcohol exposure. A child with ARBD does not have the facial characteristics like a child with FAS. ARBDs are more likely to occur as a result of exposure to alcohol during the first trimester when the organs of the baby are rapidly forming, however the other trimesters are not excluded in being vulnerable to alcohol ingestion.
Alcohol-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Learning and behavioral problems are a potential effect of fetal alcohol exposure. Alcohol related neuro-developmental disorders (ARND) refers to learning disabilities as well as attention and cognitive delays. It is possible that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder may be another effect of fetal alcohol exposure and ongoing research is exploring this. ARNDs are less severe than FAS however, the longstanding effects make an impact on the life of the person with the disorder."
Read more:
http://www.livestrong.com/article/126606-fetal-alcohol-effects/#ixzz2QizV8y2m