簡單英文present participle

present participle= verb form + ing

Most cases are used to tell us more about something = gerund or adjective phrase

I saw him running in the park.

I saw Mary talking to our teacher in the playground.

The following example shows us how to join two sentences together by using present participle.

We discuss with our classmates about the project.
We decide to take up the project.

Having discussed with our classmates, we decide to take up the project

Present participle is the ing-form of a verb.

(1) To form continuous tenses

He is standing there. (present continuous tense)
You have been dreaming. (present perfect continuous)

(2) used to form a participle phrase

When you are describing two actions done by the same person at about the same time, you can use a participle phrase in front of or after the main clause.

She saw a man who sat in the corner.
She saw a man sitting in the corner. (replacing a relative clause)

As they walked down the street, they saw the same man again.
Walking down the street, they saw the same man again. (replacing a subordinate clause)

(3) Sometimes present participle may be used when forming a prepositional phrase.
By using a dictionary he could find all the words.
This is an oven for baking bread.

(4) Can be used as an adjective
His idea seems exciting.
She gave up a promising career.

(5). Can be used like a noun. This form of verb is called a gerund. ~ can be a subject, object or complement.
Sailing is fun.
I love swimming.

A gerund can have an object itself.
I enjoy meeting you.
(meeting = gerund, meeting you = object)

Watching television can be a waste of time.
(Watching = gerund, Watching television = subject)

A gerund can be used after prepositions. The gerund must be used when a verb comes after a preposition
Can you sneeze without opening your mouth?
He keeps on asking for money.

(6) Sometimes present participles are used like adverbs.
She ran screaming out of the classroom.

(8) used in some fixed expressions ~ misrelated participles
Broadly speaking, dogs are more faithful than cats.
Judging from his expression, he is in a bad mood.

Comment:
”Having” can be used with the past participle to describe a past action resulting in another action:
“Having + past participle” is a perfect participle, not a present participle.

Having spent all his money, he returned home.

You may say “ having” is the present participle of the auxiliary verb “have”.

(1)participle is a part of a verb used as both verb and adjective
(2)present(past)participle applied
(3)participial as spelling (NB.adj.)
(4)eg:-participial ,adj,:-
----Having seen ,I saw a minute part,a bit particle part.