Do students have rights at school?

I'm 15 years old and go to a public high school. I am not a trouble-maker or anything, I am just wondering why it seems as if students have almost no rights at school. Teachers can tell us not to talk, what to do, where to go, they can issue after and before school punishments just for things like talking which is suppose to be a right we have, isn't it? They boss you around and tell you what you can and can't do for things like going to the bathroom, standing up, having your head down, and talking. I'm not trying to be a pain in the ***, I just want to know why it we are punished for things like that, and what gives them the right to tell us not to do those things, expecially with the little things like when we are doing a worksheet and I get up to go to the restroom the teacher tells me to sit down and if I don't do what they say I can get a detention and have to come after or before school. Another example is that I moved schools and the transcripts didnt count one of the classes I took, so I have to retake it. And the teacher just talks the whole period and I sit in the back and I don't talk to anyone or disrupt the class at all, but one day I had my head down because I already knew what he was teaching, and he yelled at me and sent me to the dean for "disrupting" the class because the teacher was "distracted" that I wasn't paying attention to his lesson and he had to stop the lesson to yell at me. Also one time I took a long crap and I was in the bathroom for 10 minutes and the teacher gave me a detention. I am just curious as to why they are allowed to do this, I am not disrupting other students from getting an education. What can I do to stop this? I know we can't have all the students rebelling and doing whatever they want, but I think some teachers abuse their powers and punish and boss around where they shouldn't be allowed to. Thank you.