To be specific, you have to enroll in a frequent flier rewards program with an airline before you can accumulate mileage credit towards any reward. This means that if you fly with more than one airline, you may need to narrow it down to one or two to accumulate rewards and it means that if you book through a travel aggregator you probably won't get any air miles credit; you would have to book through the airline that you have the reward program with so you have to fly either with that airline or one of its flying partners. For example, I have United Rewards and once booked a flight on United's site to Tennessee flying on US Airways, one of its flying partners; the Useless Airlines flights were the worst I've ever been on in all possible ways even counting a flight in Mainland China in an old Soviet plane.
Focus on the airlines that fly to the places you go (or want to go) to and make sure to check out which airlines are their flying partners.
You would have to ask the airline you flew with in the summer if you can get credit for it.
That would allow you to use your reward program number to get points with other travel related services that partner with the reward program like rental cars, hotels, and even shopping. Once you have accumulated enough points, you can use them for flights, hotel stays, car rentals, and shopping but you should figure whether the equivalent value of the rewards you choose are worth it vs. buying the service or goods outright. One of the drawbacks to using rewards to book travel is that there are often restrictions like limited flight choices.
Not all airlines have good rewards programs and there are sites like
http://www.smartertravel.com that have articles about the best rewards programs. Reward programs change all the time, whether it is because airlines go bankrupt, merge with other airlines, or like Southwest, change the conditions of reward travel so it becomes more difficult over time to figure out rewards, much less earn them.