英文被動句 急...

Egypt is located in Africa. ~ 不是被動句
The Indus Valley is located in present-day Pakistan and Northwest India. ~不是被動句
Africa is located by Egypt ~ 錯誤的句子

Police located the suspect. ~ active voice
(subject + transitive verb + object)

The suspect was located by police. ~ passive voice 被動句
(subject + auxiliary verb + past participle + by + object)

上述句子 locate (transitive verb) 查出, 查找
"was located" 是passive, located 是 past participle, 用作passive voice
police是 agent (doer) 動作執行者, was 是auxiliary verb (助動詞)

Egypt is located in Africa.

這個句子, 不是 passive voice. 因為沒有agent, even implied agent 都沒有.
如果是 passive voice, 沒有 agent, 如何轉回 active voice?

located 在這句是 adjective, located = 位於
is 是 linking verb連系動詞,. 不是助動詞. 連系動詞可用其他的字代替,
Egypt remains located in Africa.

在Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, Yahoo 字典, located 是列開為 adjective.
有字典列 located 是 locate 的past participle. 但是past participle 可做adjective.
Agentless passive 是可以轉回 active voice.

He was arrested in Tokyo. ~ passive voice 被動句
He was arrested (by police) in Tokyo. (police ~ implied agent)
The police arrested him in Tokyo. ~ active voice.

只有 transitive verb 有 passive voice.
transitive verb要有 object

She stands there. (stand ~ intransitive verb)
She is beautiful. (is ~ linking verb)
Intransitive verb 與 linking verb不能轉 passive

The vase was broken by my brother. (passive voice) 被動句
My brother broke the vase. (active voice)
"broken" is a past participle (action verb) “was” 是auxiliary verb
如果不知誰打爛, The vase was broken (without an agent)

另外的看法,
The vast was broken. 花瓶是碎了
was 是連系動詞. broken 是 adjective, 形容花瓶.


2013-01-01 20:27:00 補充：
如果 located 解 "位於", format 是 Something is located (位於) in somewhere.
但 Egypt is located. 是 passive voice (located是解”找出”, 有 implied agent)
Egypt is located by John on the map.
Located (位於) is a special kind of adjective, 稱 adjectival passive, 無 active, 無 agent
通常Something + is + adjective 是可以

2013-01-01 20:49:21 補充：
如果 located 解 "找出", 有 implied agent
Egypt is located in Africa. ~ 是被動句
The Indus Valley is located in present-day Pakistan and Northwest India. ~ 是被動句

2013-01-01 20:59:34 補充：
Correction:
Egypt is located in Africa.
這個句子是不是被動句 depends on located 解什麼
如果 located 解 "位於", 不是被動句
如果 located 解 "找出", 是被動句, 原因有 implied agent

2013-01-02 04:05:05 補充：
Egypt is located in Africa.
有些字典當這句子是被動句, 指明無 active voice, 無列 located 是形容詞,
但Oxford, Yahoo, Collins, MacMillan, Cobuild, dict.cn, 吕氏字典 列為形容詞
“是不是被動句?” 有爭論性

locate = 使設於
We will locate our store on Main Street.
Our store will be located on Main Street.

我看你想問的兩句寫的是...

Egypt is located at Africa.

The Indus Valley is located in present-day Pakistan and Northwest India.

你執著於被動句式的結構必須要是有一個被動物體和一個by的人物/動作執行者。但是英文或任何語文都有些習慣用(寫)法是implied/implicit的(即是含意作為已決定而不明示)

這兩句的地點/國家/地理等的位置所用的implicit被動句式is located所implied的by是人類，所以並不是某次或因為有人問某問題才「被動出」的情況。因此一個地點的locate永遠都是用被動句式寫的，並不需要加上by誰或by某東西的。

這兩例句is located後的preposition(at, in等)跟by不是同等的用意，這兩個preposition是表達跟這地點的置關係Egypt這地方是「位處於」Africa；The Indus Valley是「在」x和y(或某相對位置)當中。

My house is located between 1st street and 2nd street.
My office is located on the 30th floor of IFC.
等等在locate後的prepostion都標示(被形容)物件位置的相對關係而不是被動關係，這跟你在書本上學基本被動句式的被(by)的意思不同。

為何locate的被動不用by...因為說了也沒有意思...
Egypt is located by誰呢? 埃及人...埃及政府...世界歷史?
你的家/屋is located by誰呢? 你...你爸...建築發展商...命運?

所以邏輯上有很多被動的動作是不需要有by誰的。基本上所有不能由一個特定/獨特的人(作為動作的執行者)的話，被動格式的動作要表達的是東西/情況/事件的發生/出現了這事實而不是交代誰(做)。

The event is poorly organized at the park.
在公園進行的節目(被)安排得很差。
是被動句但不是追究by誰(或者從其他資料人人都會知是誰)，句子的用意是表達情況(這是使用被動句的修辭技巧應用)。
另一種用法是寫報告...不是針對人而只談事實...

希望這樣較全面地理解被動句子的格式和寫法用意...不要看文法或基本句式是唯一真理，文法以外才是一種語文文學的開始。

Example of a passive sentence with the verb locate:
The teacher asked the students to locate Egypt on the map.
John was able to do so.
Passive sentence : Egypt was located by John on the map.

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第1句是correct ,第2句應該是Egypt is located by Africa .

例子：1.Homework is done by the pupils every day.

2.The children are being taught by a new teacher now.

3.Every year I am given a big cake for my birthday.

4.Look ! The cat is being chased by the dog.

1.Children are taken by parents to school every day.
2.Book are borrowed by people from the public libraries.
3.Milk are drunk by the cat every day.
4.Some new clothes were bought by mum for us last month.
5.The house was painted by My Chan last Sunday.

被動句唔一定要加施動者(即by xxx)
Egypt is located at.
這句應是被動句,因Egypt是物件,唔會自己locate自己,所以它是被動的。
in present - day Pakistan and Northwest India.
唔知你有冇打漏,但它不是被動句,因被動句是一定要加verb-to-be(is, am, are) +past perfect verb(即第四行,如write----written, take-------taken)

2012-12-31 17:36:14 補充：
第二句是被動句(The Indus Valley is located in present - day Pakistan and Northwest India.)

Africa is located by Egypt.唔係。第一,它不合common sense，Egypt　點識 locate Africa?

第二, Afica 係州,大個Egypt(國),一個州點被國locate?應是國located

係州裏面( Egypt is located at Africa )


例子: The apple is eaten by me.

2012-12-31 17:38:10 補充：
例子2:Tom was killed yesterday.

It was named ‘football’.

These kites have been made since 2 months ago.