If I add 1amp of current to my battery what voltage should it read?... read on....?

It may be possible if it's a new battery and you have detailed specs. 1 amp is quite a small current so there is no danger of overcharging, so why don't you just try it and see ? the no-load voltage aka emf of a battery is not a good indicator of state of charge, a hydrometer is better, the nearer to capacity the battery is, the higher the specific gravity will be, usually to a max of 1.25 or 1.3.
If the marine battery is for starting engines it's not the best type if you want to draw a heavy current at night and charge for a no. of hours in the daytime. For that purpose a deep cycle battery is better, like those used in mobility scooters.

The battery will draw as much power as it needs to charge to its float voltage. For a 12 volt battery, the nominal voltage should be 12 volts and float charge at 13.2 volts. If your solar charger can supply 1KWPH or 100KWPH it makes no difference to the battery. The only difference would be how fast the battery will be able to recharge.

Voltage is akin to electric pressure.
Amperage is the measure of electron flow.
Resistance is the interference with those electrons flowing.

All three are related. Ohms law states that the Voltage is equal to Amperage (or current) times Resistance (or ohms). Voltage divided by Amperage equals the Resistance and Voltage divided by the Resistance equals Amperage.

Your charging system stands alone on its ability to recharge a battery. The voltage won't change because the batteries internal resistance is constantly varying. With lower voltage the battery has lower resistance, thus, the charging current will be higher. But as the battery charges to full capacity the resistance goes way up, virtually eliminating the current the battery draws.

One final factor comes into play, but for engineering purposes it doesn't need to be considered, that of efficiency of a circuit. A grossly inefficient circuit will waste energy (as heat). The more heat given off the less efficient the system is.

One final lesson here, WATTAGE (or power). Wattage is equal to Voltage times Amperage. If you know the voltage and amperage you can calculate the wattage. Same is true if you know wattage and amperage, voltage is calculated by Watts divided by Amps. A 100 watt light bulb that draws 1 amp requires a voltage of 100 volts. Knowing the Wattage and dividing by the voltage will give you the amperage. (100 watts divided by 100 volts equals 1 amp).

Hope this helps.

'av'a g'day mate.

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It will still read 12.40 volts. A 6 cell lead acid battery will only put out about 12 volts. Lead acid cells individually produce 2.2 volts each. Didn't you pay attention in science class?

a 12 volt battery should always read about 12 volts. the amperage capacity is decided by how big the battery is.

the charger gets a feedback from the battery saying it is fully charged.

the battery you have will provide 110 amps at 12 volts for 1 hour without needing a charge.

the voltage always stays constant approximately.

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