英文文法疑問:主被動和代名詞問題

2012-10-24 8:58 am
請問英文文法...

I finally found my blue jacket ________________ (hang) in the closet.
答案: hanging
想請問為何不是hung。我的想法是:夾克應該是被掛起來得才對。

There have been so many things______________ (happen) on campus lately.
答案: happening
想請問為何不是happened。我的想法是:事情應該是被發生才對。

代名詞問題: 我們常見的代名詞有one/ones it/them that,想請問有何不同和何時應該用哪個,尤以it/them that 最困惑,謝謝
如: I need my textbook now, but I don't remember where I put it.
The weather in Kaohsiung is hotter than that in Taipei.
(這題我還想請問一個問題:常聽人家說一個形容詞放前面,兩個或以上放後 面,請問這是什麼意思,謝謝)

謝謝大家的幫忙,感激不盡

回答 (5)

2012-10-24 6:42 pm
✔ 最佳答案
樓上大大的說明大多沒有説到重點, 有些還是錯誤的, 對版主可能有搔不到癢處的感覺.
(實話實說, 無意冒犯)


I finally found my blue jacket ______ (hang) in the closet.
答案: hanging
想請問為何不是hung。我的想法是:夾克應該是被掛起來得才對。

有一種動詞的分類, 稱為作格動詞(ergative verbs), 簡單的說, 這些動詞具有「主動形式, 被動含意」的特性, 因此雖然是物品當主詞且具被動語意, 動詞卻用主動而非被動, 可稱之為「物主動」用法.
由及物動詞轉類而來的不及物動詞catch, lock, read, sell, wash, wear, write,
clean, draw, burn, run, cook, shut, hang的主動形式表示被動意義。
例如:
The cloth washes easily. 這種布容易洗。
The pen writes fluently. 這支筆寫起來流利。
The poem reads smoothly.這首詩讀起來很流暢。
This kind of book sells well.這種書賣的很好。
The machine runs well.這種機器運轉良好。
A door hangs on its hinges. 門安裝在鉸鍊上。 <--- 請對照版主本句.

當然, 除了物主動用法, 這些動詞都各有其被動用法.


There have been so many things______________ (happen) on campus lately.
答案: happening
想請問為何不是happened。我的想法是:事情應該是被發生才對。

有些不及物動詞也是以事物當主詞使用主動形式而具被動含意, 也是「物主動」用法。
表示“開始”、“結束”、“發生”類的動詞,常見的這類動詞有begin, start,
open, close, end, finish, stop, happen, occur等。
School begins in September. 九月份開學。
What time does the bank open? 這家銀行什麼時候開業?
The play finished at 10:30.比賽於10:30結束。
The bus service stops at midnight.公共汽車午夜停止服務。
An accident happened this morning. 早上發生了一樁意外事故. <--- 請對照版主本句.


代名詞問題: 我們常見的代名詞有one/ones it/them that,想請問有何不同和何時應該用哪個,尤以it/them that 最困惑,謝謝

英文很注重「避免重複」, 同一句已出現的名詞在度出現時, 單數用it、複數用them代替之; 不特定的名詞, 單數用one、複數用ones; 有對照用一時, 單數用that、複數用those.
例:
I need my textbook now, but I don't remember where I put it.
(用it代替my textbook)
I like pets, but feeding them is a hard job.
(用them代替pets) Please pick a card, while all the rest of you should also pick one.(one代替a card)I like to read romance novels, but he prefers fiction ones.(ones代替novels)
The weather in Kaohsiung is hotter than that in Taipei.
(that代替 the weather)
The birds in open fields are happier than those in the cages.
(those代替the birds)

我還想請問一個問題:常聽人家說一個形容詞放前面,兩個或以上放後面,請問這是什麼意思 這也不盡然, 不可被這種說法誤導.
多個形容詞可以都放在名詞前面, 例如:
a beautiful new red classical dress. (形容詞的修飾順序, 請查文法書或網搜)

(篇幅不夠, 續意見區)


2012-10-24 10:43:30 補充:
(續回答區)

會放在後面的通常是分詞、分詞片語、介係詞片語、某些特定形容詞、或形容詞混合其他修飾語者等, 例如:
the people involved
the animals living in the jungle
the view in front of the house
the mountains afar
the goods intact

those ignorant of the fact
the person absent from the meeting

2012-10-24 10:53:22 補充:
我說的樓上大大, 是指首位回答者(2012-10-24 03:44:09)
參考: 羅莉 - 英文文法
2012-10-24 7:59 pm
I finally found my blue jacket ________________ (hang) in the closet.
答案: hanging

There have been so many things______________ (happen) on campus lately.
答案: happening
這兩題都強調(目地物)的狀況,所以+ving用進行式
---我發現我的夾克(目地物)正掛在衣櫥裡。
---最近校園裡很多事(目地物)一直(正)在發生



代名詞問題: 我們常見的代名詞有one/ones it/them that,想請問有何不同和何時應該用哪個,尤以it/them that 最困惑,謝謝
如: I need my textbook now, but I don't remember where I put it.
The weather in Kaohsiung is hotter than that in Taipei.
(1)代名詞就是代替名詞,在這裡用代名詞it (受格)代替前面的名詞textbook,如果是複數名詞,代名詞就用them (受格)。.

(2)I bought a pink cellphone yesterday , and today I buy a white cellphone .
---I bought a pink cellphone yesterday , and today I buy a white one.
(one代替前面已提過的東西,複數則用ones)

(3)this指離本身比較近的單數東西 /that 指離本身比較遠的單數東西
I like this robot. I don't like that robot.
= I like this robot. I don't like that one.
為避免重複that 和one有相同作用,用that/ those代替前面已提過的事物,如您所提的句子。
The weather in Kaohsiung is hotter than that in Taipei.
用that 代替前面的 the weather
The wings of a butterfly are bigger than those of a bee.
用those 代替前面的 the wings


這題我還想請問一個問題:常聽人家說一個形容詞放前面,兩個或以上放後 面,請問這是什麼意思,謝謝)
如果形容詞只有一個字,如; gorgeous有人稱它''短形容詞'',通常放在名詞的前面,修飾名詞。
~What a gorgeous day!
如果形容詞有兩個字或以上的字,如介系詞片語 in purple skirt當形容詞或形容詞子句, 有人稱它''長形容詞'',通常放在名詞的後面,修飾名詞。
The lady in purple skirt is his girlfriend.
2012-10-24 5:17 pm
I finally found my blue jacket ________________ (hang) in the closet.
答案: hanging
想請問為何不是hung。我的想法是:夾克應該是被掛起來得才對。
hang可以當不及物動詞用,所以在這種用法時,不能用被動態,按本句的句意只是要說明一個狀況:夾克掛在衣櫥裡,沒有要強調被誰掛的意思,而且在我家裡,很可能是我自己掛的,只是忘了位置而已。 如果強調被別人掛在那裡時(會寫出這人),hang也可以當及物動詞用,用被動的分詞來當補語。

There have been so many things______________ (happen) on campus lately.
答案: happening
想請問為何不是happened。我的想法是:事情應該是被發生才對。
happen只能當不及物動詞用,所以Please let me know, if anything happens to her.會用介系詞to,而動詞happen沒有被動的用法。事情是自己發生的。

代名詞問題: 我們常見的代名詞有one/ones it/them that,想請問有何不同和何時應該用哪個,尤以it/them that 最困惑,謝謝
如: I need my textbook now, but I don't remember where I put it.
書是東西,數量是單數,在這是當動詞put的受詞,所以用代表單數東西的代名詞it(it沒有受格的變化,複數的they才會在當受詞時變成them)。

The weather in Kaohsiung is hotter than that in Taipei.
that是指示代名詞,在這裡指前面提過的the weather。英文為避免重複,會視語意,用各種代名詞取代名詞。
one是ones的單數用法,都是不確定對象時用來當代名詞。用 one代替同類中的任何一個人或事物。

(這題我還想請問一個問題:常聽人家說一個形容詞放前面,兩個或以上放後 面,請問這是什麼意思,謝謝)
應該是指用來當修飾語的形容詞如果是單字時,應放在其修飾的名詞前,如果是形容詞片語或形容詞子句,則只能放在後面。一串的形容詞單字是可以全放在名詞前面的,如:a poor young man。
2012-10-24 2:35 pm
There have been so many things ______ on campus lately.

Either happening or happened should be fine.

While "happened" simply states that things had happened lately, "happening" subtly implies that things are not completely settled and new development may be coming.
2012-10-24 11:44 am
I finally found my blue jacket ________________ (hang) in the closet.
答案: hanging
想請問為何不是hung。我的想法是:夾克應該是被掛起來得才對。

答:I finally found 己明指為過去時式,並無被動說法的必要。

There have been so many things______________ (happen) on campus lately.
答案: happening
想請問為何不是happened。我的想法是:事情應該是被發生才對。

答:happening 乃動名詞,視為對so many things 的「發生」描述,視為形容詞的作用,也是與被動語態無關。

代名詞問題: 我們常見的代名詞有one/ones it/them that,想請問有何不同和何時應該用哪個,尤以it/them that 最困惑,謝謝
如: I need my textbook now, but I don't remember where I put it.
The weather in Kaohsiung is hotter than that in Taipei.
(這題我還想請問一個問題:常聽人家說一個形容詞放前面,兩個或以上放後 面,請問這是什麼意思,謝謝)

答:
一,it 是 textbook 的代名詞,詞性為主詞的代名詞
二,them 是受格的代名詞,例如 I love them. them 指的可能是同學或朋友們,立場為受格
三,第二個例句的 that 是將台北的溫度比 The weather in Kaohsiong is hotther 這一段的「子句」的代名詞
四,one/ones 印象中應為單數與複數用法,其用途很廣泛,但卻是特定的代名詞,所謂特定,例如有首歌名~The one you love~(你所鍾愛的「特定」人)

(這題我還想請問一個問題:常聽人家說一個形容詞放前面,兩個或以上放後 面,請問這是什麼意思,謝謝)

答:此有與副詞相互揮映的考慮,若有兩個形容詞存在時,其中必具有副詞的作用;大多都會放在後頭!但具我所知,好像並不一定
參考: 憑印象及經驗回答


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