gerund与participle的用法 ( 20點 )

Verbals
A verbal is a word formed from a verb but functioning as a different part of speech. It includes; (1) gerund; (2) participle; and (3) infinitive.

1. Gerunds
A gerund is a verbal ending in -ing that functions as a noun.
Like an ordinary single-word noun, a gerund may be used as:
(a) subject
e.g. Jogging is my favourite sport.
(b) object of verb
e.g. I always enjoy playing with you.
(c) object of preposition
e.g. John takes pleasure in running.
(d) subject complement (nominative)
e.g. My favourite exercise is jogging.

2. Participles
A participle is a verbal that functions as an adjective.
Two kinds of participles:
(a) Present participles:
e.g. The boiling water on the stove is hot.
e.g. The water boiling on the stove is hot.
(b) Past participles:
e.g. The cracked windows have been fixed.
e.g. That last coin was never found.

2012-08-23 10:09:06 補充：
correction: That "lost" coin was never found.

o Anonymous and stone:-very good on Present Participle eg:-The (boiling)water...
The past participle eg:-He (lost) coin or property.