✔ 最佳答案
Caroline is right on Q1 but wrong on Q2.
Q1. A further point is steric hindrance. Look at a molecular model of maleic acid: there isn't much room for water molecules around the carboxy groups. Further evidence for this? If you heat maleic acid, it readily dehydrates to form the anhydride, with reduced atomic crowding.
As a subsidiary point, it's always worth checking the possibility of hydrogen bonding within individual molecules - look for 5- or 6-membered rings. This won't be a significant effect in maleic acid; but it would be in, e.g., o-hydroxybenzaldehyde.
Q2. The velocity of gas molecules depends on temperature and is independent of pressure.
Increasing pressure increases reaction rate generally because molecules are closer together and collide more frequently.
This endothermic reaction is driven to the right by increasing pressure because two molecules are combining to form one, thus counteracting the increased pressure. It's a long time since I did any thermodynamics so I can't remember the technical terms or the equation ... typical organic chemist ...