急!問neutralisation的問題,高手請進!

問題一:要neutral acids and alkali,是否一定有根據以上的formulae:哪一種acid混哪一種alkali?不跟就不能neutralisation 了?

不是.
你可以
NaOH (sodium hydroxide) + HNO3 (nitric acid) -> NaNO3 + H2O
中和是酸+鹼出鹽加水(大部份)
你只道邊一隻係酸/鹼就夠.唔洗跟邊隻同邊隻react先有反應.

2) 還有若一種very very very acidic 的acid(pH0) 與slightly alkaline 的alkali(pH8),哪麼兩者都下相同分量,他們會neutralise 嗎??
呢種似濃度既改變多, 唔算neutralisation 例如: 你將HCl +水~稀釋等類似

pH 其實係H+ ion既濃度. pH=-log[H]
你可能會問, 鹼係乜? pOH = 14- pH pOH係鹼既濃度.比你參考
eg pH=10 係鹼, 你亦都可以話pOH=4 咁既意思
越高濃度既[H+] ion 既結果當然會影響.
pH唔係就咁減. 係計H+ ion 既濃度.
例如: HCl + NaOH, 相同濃度和容量下, 就會係pH=7 (理論上)
如果唔同容量同濃度就要計[淨h+ ion] 既濃度咁 再-log佢

2012-06-07 23:50:52 補充：
酸+鹼->鹽+水 (適用於絕大部份情況)
你應該唔係好明pH 既意義.
pH 既意義只係講比你知"H+離子的濃度"
而一隻所謂既酸(最基本概念) 就係可以甩H+ 離子
鹼就甩OH- 離子.
酸和鹼入面H+ /OH- 既離子會合埋出水(H2O)
所以冇咩直接關係.
所以pH值高低, 係唔會影響acid +alkaline=salt and water 呢條式既結果
但前題, 你一定而符合酸/鹼的定義啦.

2012-06-07 23:53:27 補充：
反而, pH 值會影響最後果杯野既pH .
不過你學左計mole數未先?

acid +alkaline=salt and water？ 不一定！！
酸鹼理論有很多個，你呢個其實我唔知係咩理論(我記得喺中四時學)
但之後都冇再用呢個理論，係用布侖斯特酸鹼學說或路易斯。
簡單例子：
NH3 + HCl --> NH4Cl
冇水生成
另一個例子：
AlCl3 + 3NaOH --> Al(OH)3 +3NaCl

2012-06-08 13:58:08 補充：
中和後溶液的pH取決於生成的鹽的水解。
一些鹽不會水解(如NaCl)，便生成中性(pH=7 at 298K)
一些鹽會水解，如硫酸H2SO4與氫氧化鈉NaOH中和後生成Na2SO4
Na2SO4 + H2O --> NaHSO4 + OH-
生成H+或OH-，使H+和OH-的比例不再均等，pH便會由7向上或向下移。
注意pH值會隨溫度改變。即使是純水在不同溫度也不一定是7，
只有在298K (25攝氏度)下水的pH才是7

May I type in English?

1. Neutralisation is the reaction between an acid and a base(or alkali). In this reaction, salt and water are the only product.
Such reaction is very general, any reaction between acid and base is called neutralization.

2. Let me point out one thing. There is not a minimum point of pH. pH can even be negative. The pH value of a solution depends on the concentration of Hydrogen ions in the solution. It is deprived from the formula:
pH=-log[concentraion of H ion in the solution]
Let me give you an example.
For 2M HCl (2 moles of HCl molecules dissolved in 1000cm3 of the solution), the concentration of H ions is obviously 1M. In this case, the pH value
=-log2
=-0.301.
If you like, you can dissolve 5 moles in it.

Back to the question, for the reaction between an acid with pH 0 and an alkali with pH8, neutralisation will occur. As mentioned in point 1, whether neutralisation happens does not depend on how acidic or alkaline the solution is. The acidity and alkalinity just affect the rate of the reaction(neutralisation).

The pH after the neutralization is not just the deduction of the pH values of the original alkali and acid. It depends on the concentration of hydrogen ions. However you cannot determine the pH of alkali. The scientists calculated and resulted the following formula:
[conc. of H ions]x[conc. of OH ions]=10^14
Then you can find the conc. of H ions in the alkali.

The conc. of Hydrogen ions in the solution after neutralisation
=(no. of moles of H ions in acid+ no. of moles of H ions in alkali) / total volume.

While I do not understand what you mean-->(very very very acidic 的acid(pH0) 與slightly alkaline 的alkali(pH8)跟你將HCl +水~稀釋等類似), I am sorry I may not be able to explain about this.

You will learn more about this in F.4 (Topic: Acid and Bases)