Evolution - How did different systems of organs come into being?

2012-06-06 5:38 pm
I’ve just started reading some brief introduction to evolution on the web. It’s easier to understand evolution of individual organs due to mutation and natural selection. But how did different organs evolved in such a well structured and well coordinated way that it seems to be ‘built’ by someone instead?

Take the digestive system as an example: food gets in through the mouth, get processed and get out through a lengthy intestine. As it involves different parts of the body, it's hard to figure out how some organs evolved into being to fit others, especially those organs that 'know their way' and go around long length in the body, a system which seems to be ‘built’ by someone with a design in mind instead. I read from the web there is something like ‘information about the environment’, etc, and don’t know whether it’s relevant and if yes, how. As I didn’t study biology, would you explain it in an accessible way?

Note: I don't mean to start a debate between evolution and creationism. I just want to hear about how evolution works.

回答 (2)

2012-06-06 6:41 pm
✔ 最佳答案
If you look at the different phyla of plants and animals, it is easy to see how they become more complex as you "move up" the evolutionary tree. Single-cell organisms become grouped into organisms composed of many cells, and certain cells work together to form tissues because they perform similar functions. Increasingly, these tissues become organized into separate organs, and organs which perform similar functions become grouped into organ systems.
參考: 40 years teaching Biology, basic Genetics and Evolution, and some Comparative Anatomy
2012-06-07 1:37 am
You can see varying degrees of organ complexity in different species. We have a pretty complex system but when you look at how single celled organisms and simple multi cellular organisms digest food.
As you increase the absorption of nutrients from your environment (over generations) you have a advantage. One individual does not obtain the entire system. Example, the intestines get larger, the intestines host helpful bacteria. Any advantage that can be passed onto your offspring will improve your and your lines chance of survival and more of that system will take occur in the population.

Here is a link that show some diagrams http://bodywiki.wetpaint.com/page/Evolution+of+the+digestive+system


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