✔ 最佳答案
You're right that iodine sublimes under room pressure.
HOWEVER, iodine liquid CAN exist under room pressure; for iodine to liquefy, additional pressurization is NOT needed.
First, do you know evaporation? Liquid not reaching boiling point can still turn into gas.
Similarly, Solid can also turn into gas without reaching boiling point, and even haven't melted.
A lot of solid can turn into gas (sublime) without turning into liquid; melting is not necessary for "evaporation" of substances.
Can you smell mothballs? Or the smelly "camphor" in public toilets? Those solids turn into vapor without melting.
Same for iodine. Iodine can vaporize under boiling point and even below melting point. But it doesn't mean that iodine liquid under room pressure doesn't exist.
Look at the triple point of iodine. Above 12.1kPa liquid iodine can exist; and the atmospheric pressure is 101.3kPa. So liquid Iodine exists; you just haven't heat it up to its m.p. , 387K / 113*C.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P2CWh2CQu90
This video quite clearly shows that iodine liquid can exist under room pressure; you're just not heating it enough.
Carbon dioxide, on the other hand, cannot liquefy under room pressure, as its pressure of triple point is 520kPa, higher than that of atm. pressure.
You can see from Wikipedia that it gives -78*C at "melting point", noting (subl.) ;
"boiling point" is -57*C, noting at 5.185bar = 518.5 kPa, higher than atm. pressure. Then liquid CO2 cannot exist as liquid under rm. conditions.
2012-05-08 02:06:02 補充：
One is easily confused by the word "sublimation".
Iodine "sublime" when heated -- here "sublime" is just like evaporation, needs not reaching boiling point.
2012-05-08 02:08:49 補充：
Carbon dioxide "sublimes" when heated -- here "sublime" can mean either "evaporation of solid" or "boiling of solid", depending on temp. of the system.
But that video should have made good demonstration.
2012-05-08 02:11:13 補充：
Pay attention to video especially at 0:31 .
2012-05-10 01:44:24 補充：
Billyionaire:
you're right.
In other words, iodine's vapor pressure is high even under m.p.
According to a handbook, vapor pressure of I2 can be calculated as:
2012-05-10 01:48:10 補充：
log(P) = [1000A / T] + [B x log(T)]
for pressure,P in atm, emp,T in K
for solid, A = -3.518, B = -2.02
for liquid, A = -3.225, B = -4.86
for gas, A = -3.909, B = 0.25
plug in the numbers into Excel and calculate vapor pressure at diff. temp.
2012-05-10 01:58:42 補充：
at m.p., vapor pressure is 0.117atm.
Ref.:
Knacke O., Kubaschewski O., Hesselmann K.. Thermochemical properties of inorganic substances (2nd ed.). 1991: Berlin: Springer-Verlag
