when和while的關係

2012-05-05 7:16 am
有網站寫:
當 when 子句的動詞為延續性動詞時,when 可與 while 互換,這時主要子句的動作和時間副詞子句的動作是同時發生的。以 I often missed my home a lot when I was abroad. (我在國外時常常很想家) 為例,在這句中,when 可用 while 來代替,意思不變。 如果 when 子句的動詞為過去簡單式,而主要子句的動詞為過去進行式,那麼儘管一般文法書大都稱這兩個動作是同時發生,但其實不然。例如:
I was enjoying my dinner when my wife came home.
= While I was enjoying my dinner, my wife came home. (我太太回家時,我正在吃晚餐)

Q:按上面觀點,我對下列各句的解讀是否正確?
1. Be careful when crossig streets.
careful和crossig同時發生,when可換成while。
2. While crossing the street, he was knocked down by a car.
先crossing後被knocked,while不可換成when。
3.They arrived while I was sunbathing.
先sunbathing後They arrived,while不可換成when。
4. We must strike while the iron is hot.
iron先hot後才能strike,while不可換成when。
5. He wrote his greatest novel while working on a freighter.
這題不確定,wrote在這是瞬間動詞表”寫作完成”嗎?
更新1:

我是參照那網站的說法摘錄的,可以點"網站"進入看完整內容。 而我會提出這問題是因為查到的資料大都只說when和while後接持續性動詞,可以互換。

更新2:

感謝 小玫 和 Charles老師 的指導,你們所說when是一般性、while強調持續,這也正是我以前所學過的觀念。所以其實不像這網站說的,由發生的時間點前後關係決定when或while,而是需按照有沒有要強調"持續"這概念來抉擇,這樣其實1~5的when和while都可以互換?

更新3:

感謝 nobodyfantasy 意見 終於釐清了從剛開始學英文時就搞不太清楚的兩個詞彙

回答 (3)

2012-05-05 8:35 pm
✔ 最佳答案
when和while可以互換。
這個說法就是你的答案‧
你選擇when或while來決定你說話的語意‧

Be careful when crossing street. 一般性
Be careful while crossing street. 持續性,強調「每次」

5. He wrote his greatest novel while working on a freighter.
這題不確定,wrote在這是瞬間動詞表”寫作完成”嗎?
wrote 寫下,寫出... when working 當他在一輛貨車上工作時
wrote 寫下,寫出... while working 在他工作於一輛貨車的那段時間裡
2012-05-06 1:57 pm
5個例題全部都可以while/when自由轉換,意思不會變。

when的用途很廣泛,其中的一個意思已經包括"while"在內,所以基本上當"while"表達的是“當正在做xxx時”,都可以用"when"去代替,但有時"when"未必可被"while"代替。

2012-05-06 06:02:16 補充:
就拿您的例句舉例:

While I was enjoying my dinner, my wife came home. (while可被when代替)
-> When I was enjoying my dinner, my wife came home. (O)

I was enjoying my dinner when my wife came home. (when不可被while代替)
-> I was enjoying my dinner while my wife came home. (X)

2012-05-06 06:06:52 補充:
“當我在享受晚餐的時候”,我太太到家了。
When/While I was enjoying my dinner, my wife came home.
My wife came home when/while I was enjoying my dinner.

“當我太太到家的時候”,我在享受晚餐。
When my wife came home, I was enjoying my dinner.

“當我太太正在回來的時候”,我在享受晚餐。
While my was coming home, I was enjoying my dinner.

2012-05-06 06:15:45 補充:
不過有一點要注意的是當"while"轉成"when"的時候,最好後面接"be V-ing",不然的話會變成所謂的“一般性”,給人感覺「“每當”這件事發生了就會導致那件事」,而失去了句子本身想要強調的時間點。

He wrote his greatest novel when (he was) working on a freighter.

2012-05-06 06:18:16 補充:
"We must strike while the iron is hot." 這句其實是英文諺語,基本上是用"while",但用"when"也不是不可,通常會加個"still"變成"We must strike when the iron is still hot.".

2012-05-06 06:30:45 補充:
看了一下您提供的網站,它的解說是非常詳細而且是絕對正確的。它所強調的時間先後其實不是要用來分辨什麼時候用when什麼時候用while,而是分辨什麼時候when可被while代替(基本上跟我在一樓的發言差不多)。

網站講的是:
區分時間先後,就可以知道A發生的時候B發生了沒,由此才可知兩者是否同時間持續性的進行。如果是持續性進行,while可取代when;若A或B只是瞬間發生,while則不能取代when。
2012-05-05 7:41 am

Q:按上面觀點,我對下列各句的解讀是否正確?
1. Be careful when crossig streets.
careful和crossig同時發生,when可換成while。
不可以,因為while 有正當什麼時的意思,
    表示行為是連續在進行中。
      when 是當什麼時候。
2. While crossing the street, he was knocked down by a car.
先crossing後被knocked,while不可換成when。
對的
3.They arrived while I was sunbathing.
先sunbathing後They arrived,while不可換成when。
這裡是強調sunbathing一直是持續的所以用while
4. We must strike while the iron is hot.
iron先hot後才能strike,while不可換成when。
這裡用while表是狀況一直持續,並非前後時間點的關係。
5. He wrote his greatest novel while working on a freighter.
這題不確定,wrote在這是瞬間動詞表”寫作完成”嗎?
wrote這裡指的並不是瞬間的動作,而是指在這本書是他在貨船上或運輸機上的這段時間工作之中所完成的,那麼working on a freighter.是段持續的時間。



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