可不可以簡單介紹以下terms? @@'' Gerund..

1) Gerund
Gerund is a noun in the form of present participle (verb + ing) of a verb. Gerunds function as nouns. Thus, gerunds will be subjects, subject complements, direct objects, indirect objects, and objects of prepositions.
Sailing is fun.
He has given up smoking.
I prefer hiking to swimming.

2) Infinitive
Infinitive is the base form of the verb. (stay ~ infinitive, stays, staying, stayed)
They let us stay the night. (infinitive without to)
We can also use it with “to”.
They invited us to stay the night. (infinitive with to)
We often use infinitive after a verb or adjective.
I hope to get a job.
It is good to talk.

3) modals (also known as modal auxiliaries)
Modal is a verb which is used with the base form of another verb to express a particular attitude, such as possibility, obligation, prediction, or deduction. There are 11 modals:- can, could, must, need, shall, should, will, would, may, might and need.
Modals always have the same form. ~ No –s form for third person singular.
e.g. He can stay.
They always take the first position in the verb phrase.
e.g. You may stay, You should stay.
Modals come before a negative word “not”
e.g. You may not stay. You should not stay.

4) sentence patterns
(1) subject + predicate
We sing.

(2) subject + predicate + direct object
Boys play basketball.

(3) subject + predicate + indirect object + direct object
Jim gives Cindy presents.

(4) subject + linking verb + noun
Tom is a pilot.

(5) subject + linking verb + predicative adjective
Susan is beautiful.

(6) subject + predicate + direct object + objective complement
They elected him president.

(7) subject + predicate + direct object + adjective complement
He painted the house green.

You can expand the basic sentence patterns.There are too many to be mentioned here.

(1)Gerund=the -ing form of as Eng verb when used as a noun,as in "fond of swimming", "I preferred travelling than studying alone" which has the present participles.
(2)Infinitives=(gram) is form of verb not changed for person,number,or tense,used without to (eg. let him go; allow him go; she can swim, )
(3) modals-(gram )the mood of a verb---modal auxiliaries,eg can, may= Henry can show infidelity to a wife. Can I borrow your e-calculator? May I borrow your SCMP Newspaper?
(4)Sentence patterns are just summary of verb patterns found in Reference Section Contents of irregular verbs found in appendix which lists all the verbs with irregular forms that are included in any Dictionary,except for those who are lazy enough to look it up.
Sentense patterns are summary of verb patterns,where VP1-VP19 called transitive use of verbs VP20-VP25 called intransitive uses. VP1-VP19 have main cl. introduces depend clauses with direct objects, participles, adj or adv. phrases.VP19-eg. I envy--you--your high scores.
I struck--you--a heavy blow on boxing.
VP25,eg, sub.x v-----to x inf.----They seemed-----to know
They chanced-----to win in the race.









2012-03-21 17:42:57 補充：
Further examples:-
(1)She was the envy(n) of all her HKDSE classmates.
(2)The Fujiho industry closed by a strike(adj) of workers.
(3)It seems (vi) likely to rain.
(4)The chances(n) are that the train has not left yet.