1.aqueous alkalis react with carbon dioxide.
alkali + CO2 --> CO3 +H2O
e.g.2NAOH(aq) + CO2 (g) --> CaCO3(s) + H2O(l)
圖片參考：http://imgcld.yimg.com/8/n/HA08177970/o/701203180004913873450080.jpg
Referring to the diagram above,what is the meaning of the last sentence,"it
can be used for the absorption of carbon dioxide in gas analysis."
Can anyone explain it?
2.
圖片參考：http://imgcld.yimg.com/8/n/HA08177970/o/701203180004913873450081.jpg
The above diagram shows the electrolysis of sodium chloride in chlor-alkali industry.It manufactures hydrogen,chlorine,sodium hydroxide and other products.
i.Why titanium and nickel are used as anode and cathode respectively?
ii.Nickel forms cation,how can it attract H+ ions?
3.Concentrated hydrochloric acid is a volatile liquid,which gives out white
fumes(acid mist:hydrogen chloride gas).Cocentrated nitric acid has the
same property but concentrated sulphuric acid doesn't.
圖片參考：http://imgcld.yimg.com/8/n/HA08177970/o/701203180004913873450092.jpg
i.Hydrogen chloride dissolves in water to form hydrochloric acid.
Why it gives out fumes when it is exposed to the air?It has already
dissolved in water.
iiWhy this phenomenon will not occur in dilute hydrochloric acid?
iii.What is the meaning of volatile?My textbook said"Concentrated sulphuric
acid has a high boiling point,so it doesn't give an acid mist when exposed
to air."Why a liquid with high boiling point is not volatile?
4.Concentrated acids and alkalis are very corrosive especially when they are
hot.Why?
F4chem acids and bases 40point
2012-03-18 9:16 am
回答 (2)
2012-03-18 8:59 pm
✔ 最佳答案
I'll try to answer all of them...however, some of them is not sure
I'll give them a bracket *()
1.
In some experiments
We may need to absorb CO2
It means that the reaction cannot be a standard test for CO2
[cannot tell you is it CO2 or not]
however, it can absorb CO2
for example
CH4 + 2O2 -> CO2 + 2H2O
if you want to know the amount of CO2
you may need NaOH [usually solid] to absorb it and measure its mass
new mass - original mass = mass of CO2
2.
(Titanium and Nickel are both used as catalyst in order to speed up reaction)
In electrolysis, neglect the ions formed [when the electrode is inert...]
Ni is not used as form ions
therefore, just consider the charge of the rod
"H+ goes to cathode [cations go to cathode which is -vely charged in electrolysis]"
3.
This only happen in conc. HCl
this is mainly because the conc. is too high and it may escape from the solution
Besides, HNO3 will decomposed in this way
4HNO3 -[Energy]-> 4NO2 + 2H2O + O2
this is the reason why it is needed to store in a brown reagent bottle
(I do think this is because the strong force between water molecule and H+ and Cl- ; Water is quite polar and it has H is slightly positive while O is slightly negative, this can attract H+ and Cl- well)
Volatile means a substance will turn into gas form
Just like alcohol, it will volatile and decrease in volume
however, it is because the b.p. of alcohol is low
In the case of H2SO4
it is a liquid in pure form [HCl and NO2 is in gas form and they will form acid after dissolution]
Therefore, even water is not present, it is a liquid
as a result, there will not be "volatile"
4.
By collision theory
Reactions speed up with the increase of temperature
Besides, some acid have more properties when hot
For example, H2SO4 have the ability of oxidation when hot
Oxidizing is also one of the acidic property
---
cannot post all....
you may give me your email
參考: SELF
2012-03-18 8:42 pm
5. ionic bond is formed only when the components' difference in electronegativty is very hig
electronegativity of H=2.1
Cl=3.2
difference=1.1
compare to NaCl
Na=0.9
Cl=3.2
difference=2.3
therefore, the H-Cl bond isn't ionic(you may say it is very polar but not ionic at all !)
electronegativity of H=2.1
Cl=3.2
difference=1.1
compare to NaCl
Na=0.9
Cl=3.2
difference=2.3
therefore, the H-Cl bond isn't ionic(you may say it is very polar but not ionic at all !)
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