分析化學計算問題請煩請會的大大能幫忙解答感謝

2012-02-29 12:38 am
一.醋酸之酸解離常數(Ka)為1.75×10-5,請寫出醋酸根離子水解反應及算出鹼水解常數(Kb)為何?
二.0.1 M的弱鹼B中有10%水解成BH+,試求出鹼的Kb為何?
三.1 L 之0.20 M NH3及0.30 M NH4Cl所組成之緩衝溶液,其pH為?(pKb = 4.8)
這三題分析計算題我一直算不出來,希望會的大大能幫忙列出算式,教我如何計算,因為解了好久都解不出來,感謝喔!^-^

回答 (1)

2012-02-29 4:52 pm
✔ 最佳答案
一.
Kb = Kw­/Kb = (1 x 10^-14)/(1.75 x 10^-5) = 5.71 x 10^-10(M)


二.
B(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ BH^+(aq) + OH^-(aq)

平衡時:
[B] = 0.1 x (1 - 10%) = 0.09 M
[BH^+] = [OH^-] = 0.1 x 10% = 0.01 M

Kb = (0.01)²/0.09 = 1.11 x 10^-3 (M)


三.
NH3(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ NH4^+(aq) + OH^-(aq)

Kb = [NH4^+][OH^-]/[NH3]
-log(Kb) = -log[OH^-] - log([NH4^+]/[NH3])
pOH = pKb + log([NH4^+]/[NH3]) ≈ pKa + log([NH4^+]o/[NH3]o)

pOH = 4.8 + log(0.3/0.2) = 4.98
pH = 14 - 4.98 = 9.02

2012-03-01 22:48:53 補充:
CH3COO^-(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ CH3COOH(aq) + OH^-(aq) ... Kb

Kb =
[CH3COOH][OH^-]/[CH3COO^-]
= [H^+][OH^-] / ([CH3COO^-][H^+]/[CH3COOOH])
= Kw / Ka
參考: fooks, fooks


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