Grammar & Tense 問題 送10分 THX

2012-02-23 9:25 am
Grammar & Tense 問題 送10分 THX



1.She has been an artist since she was five

2.She has had a baby since she got married

3.As he wasn't ready he didn't come with us

我吾明點解甘寫

1. has been

2. has had

3. wasn't

又時又見到 was + verb or was used to why?

Who can help me !! THX(:

回答 (2)

2012-02-24 2:01 am
✔ 最佳答案
要學點解咁先要掌握英文文法時間的細節,跟中文的意會動詞和相對關係是相同的,只是中文很多不用寫出來,但英文是透過tense的不同形式來表達時間的相對關係。

has/have (verb)原意/叫做是「現在完成式」意思是當說這話或寫出這句時的現在,那動詞(verb)的行為已經是做了(可以是剛好完成或者完成了一時間),使人混亂的便是已經完成便不應是過去嗎?那你就要明白相對時間這規則,這個tense(時式)往往是為了對應寫/看的和事件發生的關係。

先看看1想講的是她從五歲開始便成為藝術家(或藝人)
夠竟寫的人想看的人知道
a.她由五歲開始直至現在(我寫這句之前)仍是藝術家
b.她曾經在五歲時是藝術家但已經不是
c.她從五歲起便已經是藝術家直至我寫這句之前一刻但現在已經不是了(例如她退休時寫的傳記/講章)

其實每種敘述都有多種可能性,就以上三種可能性都可以按文法的tense作出不同的句子,你要選用對的tense來配合你想講的意思

a. She has been an artist since she was five.
b. She was an artist when she was five.
c. She had been an artist since she was five.
如果中文要講齊英文這些意思便要如上文的中文句子咁長,但一般中文都不會考究她現在過去的相對關係或者寫作的文字跟講的內容的相對關係的。所以很多譯文都會產生歧意或意思混亂

2.She has had a baby since she got married.

按上面的現在完成時式的解釋,had是have的past particple有了baby是在get married之後,句子用了since來提示這相對時間的關係。所以作者想講的是她結了婚然後在寫這句之前剛剛/短時間內生了baby。因此
had had a baby是現在(寫這句前)完成的行為
since(自從或在這時間之前)
got married是過去式(相對現時在以前已經發生了的事件)

如果想說她在結婚前便已經有了baby(當然生了(baby)和未生(pregnant)又要用不同的英文字-不能用中文來思想套用的)是要另一種寫法的
She got pregnant before she got married. 全發生在過去的時間
She got pregnant before she is married. 在她結婚當日寫/講這評語
She had had a baby before she got married.描述她在結婚之前已經生了一個baby.

3.As he wasn't ready he didn't come with us
從上面一些關於past tense可學習past tense是記述或描寫一些已經在過去發生了的情況
As = because
作者是記錄他已發生的行為(不跟我們一起來)的關係/因由(他未準備好)
就像上面說她結婚前已經生了一個那樣全都是在過去時間的相對關係。

假如你是當時約會的狀況下跟一個朋友替他解釋這因由
便要講
As he isn't ready he doesn't come with us.
由於因由中的兩個動作沒有明顯或必要的先後關係,這種情況的講述便是用同一種tense(時間)
2012-02-23 12:22 pm
1. She has been an artist since she was five.

想解答為什麼用 has been 可以問一問自己下面這個問題。如果我想說
她從五歲開就一直是個藝術家。
該怎麼說?不能用 was 因為她現在還是,用 was 表示她現在不是。不能用 is 因為 is 表示現在是,那就不是原文的"一直是"。所以只剩下 has been 。 還有,這句話話是現在說的,要是這件事是歷史,或者在說故事,那就不用 has been,會用 had been. 因為全部都發生在過去。

2. She has had a baby since she got married.

這裡 since 解 "之後",所以原文是
她懷孕(有了BB)之後就結婚了。
不能用 has 因為 got married 已經是過去式。不能光用 had 因為懷孕比結婚更早。所以只剩下 has had. 致於什麼時候用 has had 或 had had, 請參看問題一。

3. As he wasn't ready, he did not come with us.

當然不能用 is not ready, 因為後面是 did not. 這裡原文用 was not ready, 其實用 had not been ready 都可以,不過意思有點不一樣。中文因為沒有時式,所以分別不明顯。
用 was not ready 表示未"準備好"跟"不和他們去"兩件事差不多同一個時候發生。用 had not been ready (尚未準備好) 是指去以前,他已經在準備,但到出發了,他還是沒有準備好。所以意義有點不一樣。



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