海嘯如何形成及海嘯的影響(英文)

海嘯的形成( The formation of the tsunami ):

海嘯是一種具有強大破壞力的海浪。當地震發生於海底，因震波的動力而引起海水劇烈的起伏，形成強大的波浪，向前推進，將沿海地帶一一淹沒的災害，稱之為海嘯。

A tsunami is a powerful destructive waves. When the earthquake occurred in the bottom of the sea, the driving force of the shock wave caused by the dramatic ups and downs of sea water, the formation of a strong wave to move forward, and coastal zones-flooded disaster, called tsunami.


海嘯的影響( Effects of the tsunami ):

雖然台灣亦處環太平洋地震帶，不過和日本不同，台灣很少有海嘯侵襲。主要原因是海嘯多來自太平洋的海底地震，會從台灣東部靠近，而在台灣東部的海底，菲律賓海板塊和歐亞板塊交界處，海底地形非常陡峭，容易使波浪受到折射而遠離，不利海嘯成形。2011年日本東北大地震（海底地震）台灣僅觀測到10公分潮差。

一般認為台灣最可能發生海嘯的地方是基隆到宜蘭一帶沿海。但萬一中國南海一帶的地方出現大地震，勢必會對台灣西南沿海、中國東南沿海、中南半島、菲律賓等地造成海嘯威脅。

雖然南中國海發生大規模地震機率非常低，不過台灣仍有學者提出馬尼拉海溝恐有潛在危機。


Although Taiwan is also the circum-Pacific seismic belt, but unlike Japan, there is little tsunami. The main reason is the undersea earthquake tsunami come from the Pacific Ocean from the eastern part of Taiwan near the seabed in the eastern part of Taiwan, the Philippine Sea Plate and the Eurasian plate at the junction of the seabed topography is very steep, easy to make waves by refraction away from the adverse tsunami shape. The earthquake of 2011 in northeastern Japan (undersea earthquake), Taiwan is only observed 10 cm tidal range.

Is generally believed that Taiwan is the most likely place of the tsunami along the coast of Keelung to Yilan. However, in case the place of the South China Sea in the vicinity of the earthquake, bound to have Taiwan's west coast, southeast coast of China, Indochina, the Philippines caused by the tsunami threat.

Although the South China Sea, large-scale earthquake probability is very low, but there are still scholars in Taiwan asked the Manila Trench, fear of a potential crisis.

Tsunami is generated when the sea floor abruptly deforms and vertically displaces the overlying water.Tectonic earthquakes are a particular kind of earthquake that are associated with the Earth's crustal deformation; when these earthquakes occur beneath the sea, the water above the deformed area is displaced from its equilibrium position.a tsunami can be generated when thrust faults associated with convergent or destructive plate boundaries move abruptly, resulting in water displacement, owing to the vertical component of movement involved. Movement on normal faults will also cause displacement of the seabed, but the size of the largest of such events is normally too small to give rise to a significant tsunami.