英文句子結構一問請問這句有錯嗎還是什麼grammar的

Your sentence is correct. Especially, things like "inner workings" in plural, and using "is emerging" (present progression tense, instead of present tense), they are all very proper. I just have a couple of suggestions:

(1) A new generation of optical instruments is emerging that can provide the
detailed imaging of the inner workings

The reason I suggest to add "the" is because according to the sentence, the "imaging" you talk about is a specific one, the kind that is created by
this new generation of optical instrument.

(2) A new generation of optical instruments that can provide the detail
imaging of the inner workings is emerging.

I suggest this way is because I like to EMPHASIZE the adjective clause "that can provide the detail imaging of the inner workings", so I bring it closer to the "noun" that it is used to describe. However, don't get me wrong, your own version is just perfectly OK. After all, writing is a matter of how you feel and what you want to express.


2012-01-30 11:27:06 補充：
This kind of sentence usually is used in article or newspaper. It is a very common way to write like this. The way the sentence written in your question is to emphasize "emerge", and then describes its advantage at the end.

2012-01-30 11:29:42 補充：
If you are going to write up paper or report in English, you should try to learn this kind of sentence writing. It is very useful way to describe both (1)its advantage (function) and (2)its trend. A less skillful person would separate them in two independent sentences.

2012-01-30 11:30:53 補充：
If one separates them, then it will NOT catch people's mind so vividly.

新一代的光學儀器是新興的，可以提供詳細的內部運作成像

正在興起，可以提供嗎？

A new generation of optical instruments which provide detailed images of the inner workings of xxx is emerging.
不要讓名詞與其修飾語分開

(A new generation of optical instruments) is emerging that can provide detailed imaging of the inner workings

括號裡的是主詞(單數) 所以使用is emerging

that(關係代名詞) 後面用can provide

修飾最前面的主詞(A new generation of optical instruments)