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In conversational English, we are concerned with the aspects of stress and intonation, but in writing, we focus on vocabulary, collocations, structure of sentences and development in each paragraph. On top of that, we also pay close attention to form and content. We must be able to express difficult ideas and know how to handle facts and opinions.
I believe you have a fairly good command of English vocabulary. In sitcom, soap opera, talk show… people use slang and everyday English. You are more interested in the kind of vocabulary that is used in academic writing regardless of which discipline you are concerned with. For example, a competent teacher (a good teacher), the bank is financially sound. (the bank is good) In other words, you have to focus on diction. (- the choice of words)
Collocations are the key to fluent English. Learning words on their own may enable you to communicate, but to sound natural, you must learn which words typically go together. e.g. wide awake, sound asleep, launch an attack, spotlessly clean, pronounced dead …just to name a few. Please buy a good collocations dictionary.
An essay is divided into paragraphs. Each paragraph is a group of sentences which develop one central idea. You should learn organizing ideas, selecting information and using linking words and phrases. After much practice, you should write a unified, coherent paragraph and know what a well-written text should be.
Finally, you should cultivate a good habit of reading the texts from the work of a wide variety of authors (e.g. George Orwell, Somerset Maugham, Chris Patten) so you become familiar with different styles of writing. Most teenagers in Hong Kong rarely read English newspaper daily, let alone classic novels. I suggest you read editorials from newspapers, articles from Times, New York Times or South China Morning Post, essays, biography, book and film reviews if you have time to do so.
Good luck!