過去式、過去分詞、主被動... 一些英文文法問題!

一般過去時的用法

1）在確定的過去時間裡所發生的動作或存在的狀態。
　 時間狀語有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。
　 Where did you go just now?2）表示在過去一段時間內，經常性或習慣性的動作。
　 When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
　 Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.　　　　　3）句型：
　 It is time for sb. to do sth　 "到……時間了"　 "該……了"
　 It is time sb. did sth. "時間已遲了"　 "早該……了"
　 It is time for you to go to bed.　 你該睡覺了。
　 It is time you went to bed.　　　你早該睡覺了。
　 would (had) rather sb. did sth.　表示'寧願某人做某事'
　 I'd rather you came tomorrow.4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用過去時，作試探性的詢問、請求、建議等。
　I thought you might have some. 我以為你想要一些。比較：
　　一般過去時表示的動作或狀態都已成為過去，現已不復存在。
　Christine was an invalid all her life.　
　 (含義：她已不在人間。)
　Christine has been an invalid all her life.　
　 (含義：她現在還活著)
　Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
　 (含義：達比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
　Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
　( 含義：現在還住在肯塔基州，有可能指剛離去)
　　
注意： 用過去時表示現在，表示委婉語氣。
1）動詞want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
　　　Did you want anything else?
　　　I wondered if you could help me.
2）情態動詞 could, would.
　　　Could you lend me your bike?

過去完成時

1） 概念：表示過去的過去
----|-------|-----|---->其構成是had +過去分詞構成。
那時以前　 那時　現在　　　　　　 2） 用法
　a.　在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞后的賓語從句。
　　 She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
　b. 狀語從句
　　 在過去不同時間發生的兩個動作中，發生在先，用過去完成時；發生在后，用一般過去時。
　　 When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
　c. 表示意向的動詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過去完成時表示"原本…，未能…"
　　 We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.

2012-01-07 09:57:03 補充：
3)　過去完成時的時間狀語before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
　 He said that he had learned some English before.
　 By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
　Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.

2012-01-07 09:59:06 補充：
典型例題　
Answer is: D. were writing, had left
　 答案D. "把書忘在辦公室"發生在"去取書"這一過去的動作之前，因此"忘了書"這一動作發生在過去的過去，用過去完成時。句中when表示的是時間的一點，表示在"同學們正忙於……"這一背景下，when所引導的動作發生。因此
前一句應用過去進行時。

注意：　had no … when　　　　　還沒等…… 就……
　　　　had no sooner… than　　剛…… 就……
　 He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it