✔ 最佳答案
given在本句是當[介系詞],意思是becuase of a particular fact
例句Given x = 10, then x + 3 = 13.
Given that conflict is inevitable, we need to learn how to manage it.
請參閱Macmillan English Dictionary for Advanced Learners 2007 edition p.636
一般來說replications的意思是[複製品]。
但還需要看前文才能確定本字是否代表此意
2011-11-16 22:28:36 補充:
看了前文,這裡的replications是指細胞的複製行為,因為細胞會經由分裂,再分裂,來製造大量的新細胞,進行新陳代謝,但在這個過程之中,難免出差錯。
2011-11-17 11:41:51 補充:
Given this huge number of replications, mistakes are bound to happen.
因為細胞複製的數量極大,出錯在所難免。
通常分詞構句的主詞和主句的主相同時省略其主詞,但此處不符分詞的條件,故文法學家將given定位為介系詞,和片語介系詞owing to的意思與用法相同。
2011-11-17 11:45:03 補充:
本句的bound是形容詞。something that is bound to happen will almost certainly happen
請參閱Mamillan English Dictionary for Advanced Learners 2007 edition p.164 bound的解釋。這個形容詞通常只做主詞補語用,所以不會放在名詞前面。
2011-11-17 11:47:32 補充:
given如果當分詞來解釋,則mistakes會變成其邏輯上的受詞,但顯然無法如此解釋。
2011-11-17 12:59:19 補充:
To DaSaGwa:
You don't have to feel sorry for giving your answer. You have the right to do so. Besides, I often make mistakes. You are welcome to give any comments. Thank you.
2011-11-18 12:28:08 補充:
given有可能用來帶出分詞構句,在無法歸為分詞時,只好定位為介系詞。有時文法是為現有的語言現象找理由,沒有理由,就只好編個合理的理由。
2011-11-21 14:05:59 補充:
Given good weather, our ship will reach Shanghai tomorrow.
本句的given good weather位於其邏輯的主詞之前,故是一個獨立分詞結構(即分詞構句).
同理:Given the chance, I'd do it again. (If I were given the chance...)也是有一個分詞構句.
Given that x equals three, x plus two equals five. 這裡的given是定位為[連接詞].
以上請參見趙振才著<英語常見問題大詞典>p.366 given1說明
2011-11-21 14:09:02 補充:
given的意思是in view of, if one takes into account這類的狀況下,才被歸為[介系詞].此外,因為that子句不受介系詞的約束,故given that的given為定位為[連接詞].