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Article is one of the difficult issues for English. It needs time to get yourself familiarized with it. If you can use them well, you would make your sentences in essay or composition smoother. I can only give you an idea the rest you have to learn it by heart, please don't try to learn it by rules.
The three articles (a, an, the) are actually a tiny adjectives that tell us whether a noun refers to a particular thing(the chair, the ottoman) or just one of those things (a chair, an ottoman). "The" is called definite article; "a" and "an" are indefinite articles.
For examples:
"The" is the definite article. It indicates that a noun refers to someone or something in particular
The black bird sat in the cedar tree, sheltered from the sun.
"a" and "an" is the infinite articles, They indicate that a noun refers to one of a general group.
"a" is used before a word that begins with consonant SOUND.
"an" is used before a vowel SOUND, or before a word begins with "h", but "h" is not pronounced.
A lion crouched in the tall grass.
This is an excellent essay.
An hour passed while we chose a gift for John.
These are all SINGLE sentences, so it is much clear for us to use "a", "an", or "the". However, when you are writing an essay, a composition, ... and so on. The situation will be more complicated, because how to use "a", "an", "the" will need the sentences that are surrounding the NOUN that you want to add "a", "an", or "the". This needs lots of practice to achieve the mission. It is not a mission impossible, but a mission possible by practicing. Pay attention to the articles I use in my explanation.
2011-10-31 04:16:35 補充:
In my explanation, I found that there are a few places that I forgot to put an article, can you find them ?
2011-10-31 12:52:13 補充:
You shall not say exception, because it is not exception but not necessary, for examples:
John is a student.
The Johnson is a family.
got it ?
2011-10-31 12:54:52 補充:
The missing article is for "an essay" and "a composition" in the second sentence of the very first paragraph. Again, pay attention to how I use article in my explanation.
2011-10-31 12:58:23 補充:
You don't use "the leaves" is because you are NOT talking about particular leaves. You refer to only leaves in general. Therefore, there is NO need for "the". Also, since "leaves" is plural, so you cannot use "a".