1.Hydrogen sulphide and chlorine react to form hydrogen chloride and sulphur according to the following equation: H2S(g)+Cl2(g) ---> 2HCl(g) +S(s)
(Relative atomic masses: H=1.0, S =32.1, Cl =35.5)
1a.). Find the mass and volume (at room temperature and pressure) of hydrogen chloride formed if 3.41g of hydrogen sulphide and 7.70g of chlorine are allowed to react.
1b.). At room temperature and pressure, 100 cm3 of hydrogen sulphide are mixed with 100cm3 of chlorine. Find the volume of hydrogen chloride formed(assuming temperature and pressure to be unchanged after reaction.)
1c.). In order to obtain 3.21g of sulphur, what is the minimum volume of
chlorine used at room temperature and pressure?
2. The equations below represent two intermediate reactions involved in the production of nitric acid: 4NH3(g)+5O2(g)--->4NO(g)+6H2O(l)-------------1
2NO(g)+O2(g)--->2NO2------------------------2
What is the minimum volume of oxygen required to oxidize 40cm3 of ammonia to nitrogen dioxide, if all measurements of gaseous volumes are made under the same conditions?
3. Propane, C3H8, is the clean fuel used in the 2008 Beijing Olympic Torch.Molar volume of propane gas used at r.t.p is 23250 cm3 mol-1. Calculate the volume of CO2 formed at r.t.p. when 0.88 g of propane is burnt completely in air.
4. Polythene is used in making shopping bags and its monomer is ethene.
4a.). Suggest one way to dispose of polythene wastes.
4b.). Give one advantage and one disadvantage of the way your have suggested in (a).
5. Incineration of PVC wastes produces hydrogen chloride which causes air pollution.
5a.). State ONE harmful effect of the discharge of hydrogen chloride into the atmosphere.
5b.). Suggest how hydrogen chloride can be removed from incinerator flue gas prior to its discharge to the atmosphere.
Chemistry化學問題5條(急).pLZZZZ(20分)
2011-07-29 11:49 pm
回答 (2)
2011-07-30 1:33 am
✔ 最佳答案
1.a.)
H2S(g) + Cl2(g) → 2HCl(g) +S(s)
No. of moles of H2S added = 3.41/(1x2 + 32.1) = 0.1 mol
No. of moles of Cl2 added = 7.7/(35.5 x 2) = 0.1085 mol
Mole ratio in reaction H2S : Cl2 = 1 : 2
Hence, H2S is the limiting reactant, while Cl2 is inexcess.
No. of moles of H2S reacted = 0.1 mol
No. of moles of HCl formed = 0.1 x 2 = 0.2 mol
Mass of HCl formed = 0.2 x (1 + 35.5) = 7.3g
Volume of HCl formed = 0.2 x 24 = 4.8dm³
b.)
Under constant temperature and pressure, mole ratio = volume ratio
Mole ratio added H2S : Cl2 = 100 cm³ : 100 cm³ = 1 : 1
Hence, both H2S and Cl2 completely react.
No. of moles of H2S used = 100/24000 = 1/240 mol
No. of moles of HCl formed = (1/240) x 2 = 1/120 mol
Mass of HCl formed = (1/120) x (1 + 35.5) = 0.304 g
Volume of HCl formed = (1/120) x 24000 = 200cm³
c.)
No. of moles of S formed = 3.21/32.1 = 0.1 mol
No. of moles of Cl2 used = 0.1 mol
Min. volume of Cl2 used = 0.1 x 24 = 2.4 dm³
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2.
4NH3(g)+5O2(g) → 4NO(g)+6H2O(l) ...... (1)
4NO + 2O2 → 4NO2 ...... (2)
According to (1) and (2):
Mole ratio NH3 : O2 = 4 : (5 + 2) = 4 : 7
Volume of O2 needed = 400 x (7/4) = 700 cm³
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3.
C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O
No.of moles of C3H8 reacted = 8.8/(12x3 + 8) = 0.2 mol
No. of moles of CO2 formed = 0.2 x 3 = 0.6 mol
Assume that molar volume of CO2 at r.t.p. = 24 dm³
Volume of CO2 formed = 0.6 x 24 dm³ = 14.4dm³
Assume that molar volume of CO2 at r.t.p. = 23.25 dm³
Volume of CO2 formed = 0.6 x 23.25 dm³ = 14.0dm³
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4.
a.)
incineration
b.)
Advantage: to greatly reduce the volume of the solid waste.
Disadvantage: to cause air pollution as some gaseous pollutants (e.g. toxiccarbon monoxide) are released during incineration.
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5.
a.)
The solution of hydrogen chloride is strongly acidic, and thus it will becorrosive to our respiratory system.
b.)
Pass the gaseous over limewater. / Use a scrubber.
參考: micatkie
2011-07-30 12:08 am
收錄日期: 2021-04-13 18:09:26
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