participle phrases ?

A participle phrase is a word group consisting of a present participle or past participle, plus any modifiers, objects, and complements. It starts with a present participle or past participle. It modifies a noun or pronoun that is implicitly involved in the action expressed by the participle. It commonly functions as an adjective.

Present participle: verb + ing ~ for most verbs
Past participle: verb + ed ~ for most verbs. For irregular verbs, do – done, write – written

Example of present participle phrase:
The guy is sitting over there. (active voice)
He likes you.

The guy sitting over there likes you.

“sitting over there” is a present participle phrase that modifies the noun, guy.

Example of past participle phrase:
He was a man.
He had been admired for his patience. (passive voice)

He was a man admired for his patience.

“admired for his patience” is a past participle phrase. It modifies the man who had been admired for a long time.

The name of the present participle is misleading. It can indicate not only the present, but also the past and the future.
Arriving early, they smiled with embarrassment. [The actions are both in the past.]
Arriving tomorrow, they will be met at the airport. [The actions are both in the future.]

The past participle can indicate past, present, and future meanings.
Thus deceived, he will be outraged. [Both actions are in the future.]
Baffled by your attitude, I cannot help you. [Both actions are in the present.]

簡單地說. 一個用在被動句,一個用在主動.在主動句用present participle phrases, 被動用past participle phrase. 以應付被動和主動句.


雖然係簡單地說, 但其實上就係咁簡單. 不相信睇下以下例子.



例如, Participants were given certification , finishing the currculums.(主動句, participants finished the curriculums.)

例如, Participants can apply construction jobs, given certification.(被動句,participants are given certification)

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(1)verb to have加過去分詞 構成完成時態
verb to have + past participle = perfect tense
e.g. They have finished. She has written.

(2)verb to be加現在分詞 構成現在進行時態
verb to be + present participle = present continuous tense
e.g. He is running. They are reading. I am watching.

present participle : verb + ing 現在分詞
past participle : verb + ed (regular verb) 過去分詞

Example:
Julie's dog, exhausted from running and shaking with cold, was found in the park.

exhausted from running - past participle phrase (dog already exhausted)
shaking with cold - present participle phrase (the dod is still shaking)

You cannot say "Julie's dog, exhausting from running and shook with cold, was found in the park." It does not make sense.