✔ 最佳答案
絕熱容器中用一隔膜分隔成兩室A.B,昨室A體積3升,加入氧氣, 壓力為一大氣壓,溫度為27度C;右室B體積2升,加入氮氣,壓力為兩大氣壓,溫度為127°C. 將隔膜取下後.使兩氣體混合,平衡時溫度變為227°C,試求容器中總壓力為多少??
解:
在本題的溫度下,氧和氮只混合在一起,而沒有反應。
(溫度升高是人為的調校,而不是反應令溫度上升。)
(氧和氮的反應一般需在 2000°C 以上才可發生。)
方法一:利用公式 P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2
A 室的氧氣:
混合前:P1 = 1 atm, V1 = 3 L, T1 = 273 + 27 = 300 K
混合後:P2 = PO2, V2 = 3 + 2 = 5 L, T2 = 273 + 227 = 500 K
P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2
(1)(3)/(300) = PO2(5)/(500)
PO2 = [(1)(3)(500)] / [(5)(300)] = 1 atm
B 室的氮氣:
混合前:P1 = 2 atm, V1 = 2 L, T1 = 273 + 127 = 400 K
混合後:P2 = PN2, V2 = 3 + 2 = 5 L, T2 = 273 + 227 = 500 K
P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2
(2)(2)/(400) = PN2(5)/(500)
PN2 = [(2)(2)(500)] / [(5)(400)] = 1 atm
容器中總壓力 = PO2 + PN2 = 1 + 1 = 2 atm
方法二:利用公式 PV = nRT
混合前 A 室的氧氣:P = 1 atm, V = 3 L, T = 273 + 27 = 300 K, n = nO2
PV = nRT
(1)(3) = nO2R(300)
nO2 = (1)(3)/300R = 0.01/R
混合前 B 室的氮氣:P = 2 atm, V = 2 L, T = 273 + 127 = 400 K, n = nN2
PV = nRT
(2)(2) = nN2R(400)
nN2 = (2)(2)/400R = 0.01/R
混合後:P = ?, V = 3 + 2 = 5L, T = 273 + 277 = 500 K, n = 0.01/R + 0.01/R = 0.02/R
PV = nRT
P(5) = (0.02/R)R(500)
容器中總壓力 = (0.02)(500)/5 = 2 atm