AL org chem (頭幾課)

addition of HCl to alkene, followed by friedal-craft reaction: substitution on benzene ring.

A:
ＣＨ３（ＣＨ２）９ＣＨ－Ｃ６Ｈ５
　　　　　　　　　｜
　　　　　　　　　ＣＨ３
reaction involves addition of HCl to alkene, forming secondary chloroalkane;
normal friedal-craft addition to benzene ring.

B:
CH3-(CH2)9-CH(CH3)-C6H4-SO3H
sulphonation at 4-position (para-) occurs.

3-position (meta-) is not favorable as delocalization of positive charge on intermediate cannot go to the C with alkyl group attached.
alkyl group has electron-donating effect. if the positive charge can go to that carbon by resonance, the structure is stabilized and reaction is more favorable.

2- and 4- position is more favorable due to resonance stabilization.
however, approach of sulphur trioxide to 2-position (ortho-) is hindered by the bulky alkyl group.


C: simple neutralization. write it yourself.


You'll find an artificial detergent (alkylbenzenesulphonate) learnt in CE chem.