急!!!!!!!!!!!美國和蘇聯在冷戰的經濟援助的分別

圖片參考：http://imgcld.yimg.com/8/n/HA00782940/o/701010130150713873377290.jpg
The Recovery progamme by US
Marshall Aid (European Recovery Program/Marshall Plan): Shortly after the proclamation of the Truman Doctrine, the American Secretary of State, George Marshall proposed to finance the recovery and reconstruction of Europe by a programme of economic aid. Marshall declared that the U.S. would provide financial aid to European countries if they agreed to rebuild their economy on a co-operative basis. In other words, the European countries should have a joint programme for economic reconstruction. They were expected to adopt an agreed system of tariffs, and to gear their industrial and agricultural production together so that they would not waste any financial aid in unnecessary economic competition between one another and could quicken their mutual economic recovery.Between 1948 and 1951, the Congress authorized more than $13 billion for the European Recovery Program, approximately 10 percent of the annual federal budget. Although some contemporaries may have exaggerated the importance of Marshall Plan assistance in Europe 's reconstruction, there is little question that the aid helped overcome bottlenecks within the European economy and created a basis for rapid economic growth. Western European production rose rapidly, and by 1950 it had topped the prewar level by 25 percent.

On the other hand, Russia also agreed & proposed to finance the recovery & reconstruction of Europe. Because of Marshall Plan was presented as part of the “containment” of Soviet expansionism.
Afterwards, the Soviet attacked the disclosure of the financial record of each recipient country to U.S. because it infringed their economic independence. She also condemned the Marshall Plan as a scheme to sell non-essential U.S. goods to Europe and as an imperialistic tactic to stretch U.S. commercial interests into the communis iNvestment of it market. The Soviet & her satellites withdrew from the conference and did not receive any American aid.

The Recovery progamme by USSR

圖片參考：http://imgcld.yimg.com/8/n/HA00782940/o/701010130150713873377291.jpg

在二戰後，兩個不同的思想體系，資本主義集團（以美國及西歐，包括西德）和共產主義集團（蘇聯及東歐），兩方面因為思考模式不同，引起冷戰。起1947年，當時希臘的共產黨引起內戰，美國認為假如希臘落入蘇聯那邊，其他因二戰而令到財困的國家會相繼落入共產，所以以武力及金錢來支援希臘(此稱為杜魯門主義)，同年，美國推行「馬歇爾計劃」以金錢支援財困的西歐，令他們擺脫危機。蘇聯害怕東歐各星國脫離她的操控，所以她們推行「莫洛托夫計劃」
兩個體系所推行的經濟援助相同之處，就是而金錢來挽救其體系的成員國，
防止他們離開體系。
分別之處，就是蘇聯假如經濟援助財困國家不行的話，那些國家又有叛亂的話，蘇聯就會用武力鎮壓！