如何發現相對論

2010-10-03 10:06 pm
如何發現相對論? 20點
更新1:

help!!

回答 (2)

2010-10-04 6:42 am
✔ 最佳答案
Relativity stemed from the result of Michelson-Morley experiment done in 1887 which showed, surprisingly, that the measured speed of light was independent of the direction of motion of the oberver. Lorentz and others postulated that such effect could be explained by a contraction in length of the measured instrument, and they formulated the famous Lorentz transformation by generalizing Galileo's Principle of Relativity.

Einsten later further developed Lorentz transformation theory based on two postulates, (i) the speed of light is independent of source or observer, and (ii) all laws of physics are the same in any inertia reference frame.

Einstein published his result in a paper "On the electrodynamics of moving bodies" in 1905. This is the Special Theory of Relativity.

Ten years later, Einstein developed the General Theory of Relativity to apply the principle in the more general case, that is, to any frame so as to handle general coordinate transformations, and that theory includes the effects of gravity.
2010-10-04 6:36 pm
沿著快速加速的觀察者的世界線來看的時空。
豎直方向表示時間。水平方向表示距離,虛劃線是觀察者的時空軌跡(「世界線」)。圖的下四分之一表示觀察者可以看到的事件。上四分之一表示光錐- 將可以看到觀察者的事件點。小點是時空中的任意的事件。
世界線的斜率(從豎直方向的偏離)給出了相對於觀察者的速度。注意看時空的圖像隨著觀察者加速時的變化。

2010-10-04 10:38:18 補充:
狹義相對論是由愛因斯坦、洛侖茲和龐加萊等人創立的時空理論,是對牛頓時空觀的拓展和修正。牛頓力學是狹義相對論在低速情況下的近似。

2010-10-04 10:38:48 補充:
狹義相對論,是僅描述平直線性的時空(指沒有重力的,即閔考斯基時空)的相對論理論。牛頓的時空觀認為運動空間是平直非線性的時空,可以用一個三維的速度空間來描述;時間並不是獨立於空間的單獨一維,而是空間坐標的自變數。

狹義相對論同樣認為空間和時間並不是相互獨立的,而它們應該用一個統一的四維時空來描述,並不存在絕對的空間和時間。在狹義相對論中,整個時空仍然是平直線性的,所以在其中就存在「全局慣性系」。狹義相對論將「真空中,光速為常數」作為基本假設,結合狹義相對性原理和上述時空的性質可以推出勞侖茲變換。
參考: 愛因斯坦這人超級獨特完美而且偉大, 愛因斯坦這人超級獨特完美而且偉大, 愛因斯坦這人超級獨特完美而且偉大


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