✔ 最佳答案
Relativity stemed from the result of Michelson-Morley experiment done in 1887 which showed, surprisingly, that the measured speed of light was independent of the direction of motion of the oberver. Lorentz and others postulated that such effect could be explained by a contraction in length of the measured instrument, and they formulated the famous Lorentz transformation by generalizing Galileo's Principle of Relativity.
Einsten later further developed Lorentz transformation theory based on two postulates, (i) the speed of light is independent of source or observer, and (ii) all laws of physics are the same in any inertia reference frame.
Einstein published his result in a paper "On the electrodynamics of moving bodies" in 1905. This is the Special Theory of Relativity.
Ten years later, Einstein developed the General Theory of Relativity to apply the principle in the more general case, that is, to any frame so as to handle general coordinate transformations, and that theory includes the effects of gravity.