any acid-base indicator.
更新1:
Why is soda ash used for treating fresh water? Brirfly describe the chemistry involved.
method for titration point
2010-09-12 9:44 pm
Suggest another method for detecting the titration end point without the use of
any acid-base indicator.
any acid-base indicator.
回答 (1)
2010-09-12 10:41 pm
✔ 最佳答案
during titration, use (digital) pH meter to monitor the change of pH value. soda ash, or chemically, sodium carbonate, is a water softener. the hardness (calcium and magnesium ion) is removed by adding soda ash and precipitating the unwanted ions:
Ca(2+) + CO3(2-) -------------> CaCO3 (solid)
Mg(2+) + CO3(2-) -------------> MgCO3 (solid)
the calcium and magnesium ions are often unwanted as they reduce the efficiency of soap.
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