easy organic chem

Do the homework yourself. I won't directly give you the answers.
However, asking for hints is welcomed.

1.
you have to look at no. of (any kind of) bonds + no. of lone pair electrons. if the total no. = 3, then most probably it'll adopt trigonal planar according to VSEPR.
in fact, sp2 hybridizaton would give trigonal planar.
note that empty orbitals don't count.
e.g. CH3+ is trigonal planar (three C-H);
:CH3- is ammonia-like (three C-H plus one lone pair, p3-hybridized).

also, whether the bond is single, double or triple doesn't affect the bond angle much; just consider them as ONE bond.

what i can say is... there're THREE.


2.
first, think of the "original" electronic configuration of the central atom.
in forming a bond, one electron is shared with another atom, forming a bond (2 electrons in total).
for example, C has four electrons in outer shell. in A, total of four bonds are formed (3 siga, 1 pi). in each bond, carbon gives one electron. NO extra electrons are given nor taken. thus charge is zero.

in C, three bonds (1 sigma, 2 pi) with three electrons given. there's one more lone pair where, theoretically, carbon has only one left. But now it has two, meaning that it gains ONE extra electron (it has five now).
one more electron, so 1-.

one more hint: in B, D, E, there're NO more negative charges.


3.
this's just too easy. all you have to do is to identify the functional groups in this moelcule.
perhaps you don't know some of the terms:
Enol -- an alkene where a -OH is attached to the carbon:
>C=C(-R)-OH
this enol is seldom seen, as it'll isomerize / tautomerize into a ketone / aldehyle:
>C=C(-OH)-R <-----------------> >CH-C(=O)-R

strictly speaking, phenol is one of the enol, but this is uncommon. we usually call a phenol "phenol".



2010-09-06 22:07:44 補充：
too much words... next time you should separate the questions!!!

con't:
Phenol -- benzene ring with -OH directly attached to one of the carbons.

Amine -- nitrogen with 3 bonds, having one or more alkyls attached. 2 alkyls = secondary.

2010-09-06 22:08:05 補充：
[of course, there're primary amine (1 alkyl), tertiary amine (3 alkyls) and quaternary amine (4 alkyls, where nitrogen bears 1+ charge); and all three are hydrogen? what do you think about NH3 ?]

2010-09-06 22:08:21 補充：
Aniline -- benzene ring with -NH2 group directly attached to benzene's carbon.
well, the H can be replaced by some alkyls...

Alcohol -- -OH attached to NOT benzene's carbon.

2010-09-06 22:08:49 補充：
Amide -- -C(=O)-N< structure, similar to amine but one hydrogen is already replaced by >C=O. that's why when it's -C(=O)-NH2, it's primary. one alkyl on N, secondary; two alkyls, tertiary.
NO quaternary amide: this could be learnt when you study the mechanisms of reaction.

2010-09-06 22:08:55 補充：
Toluene -- benzene ring, with a Methyl directly attached.


Yes, i can see four functional groups, while two of them are of same kind.




I guess these hints should be enough for you to figure out the answers even if you haven't start doing revision yet.

Do your work and Do your revision!

Thank you for your HINTs. It help me understand better.

Here are my version. Can you help me check it if it was correct or not.

1.)A,B, and F

2.)0,+1,-1,+1,+1

3.)Phenol,Secondary Amine, andAlcohol