電池內阻及電容放電

1.如電池內有內阻,安培計讀數及伏特計讀數有何關係(是否有公式可以表示)?
For a circuit with an external resistor R connected to a cell of emf E, the equation is V = E - I.r
where V is the terminal voltage of the cell (i.e. the voltmeter reading), I is the current flowing through the circuit (the ammeter reading), and r is the internal resistance of the cell.
By measuring V and I, and given the cell emf E, r can be calculated.

2.應選伏特計還是安培計讀數作自變量,WHY?
Judged from the above equation, it is clearly that current I is the independent variable. As such, the slope of the plotted line gives directly the value for the internal resistance r.

3.電阻來源?如電池內有內阻
The internal resistance of a chemical cell mainly comes from the resistance of the electroyle inside the cell.

電容放電實驗:1.如何進行實驗?
You didn't specify what you wish to find from the experiment. A simple discharge experiment could be done just by connecting a charged capacitor to a high resistance resistor, in series with a milliammeter. Then record the milliammeter reading with time. The data collected would enable you to plot a discharge cirve. Alternatively, replace the milliammeter by a voltmeter and connect it across the capacitor would also achieve the same purpose.

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