alpha,beta 輻射和帶電的靜電有何不同？

The difference is the kinetic energy possessed by the particles. Corpuscular radiation like alpha and beta are moving at high speed, hence possess a certain amount of kinetic energy. Such energy can be transferred to target atoms, causing ionization.

The ionization by static charges is of a different process. It is because of the intensity of the electric field established by these charges that leads to ionization.

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