溫室氣體是怎樣形成?

2010-04-18 3:06 am
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回答 (4)

2010-04-22 5:15 am
✔ 最佳答案
Greenhouse gases
Greenhouse gases are gases in an atmosphere that absorb and emit radiation within the thermal infrared range. This process is the fundamental cause of the greenhouse effect.The main greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. In our solar system, the atmospheres of Venus, Mars and Titan also contain gases that cause greenhouse effects. Greenhouse gases greatly affect the temperature of the Earth; without them, Earth's surface would be on average about 33 °C (59 °F) colder than at present.

圖片參考:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/The_green_house_effect.svg/350px-The_green_house_effect.svg.png

The burning of fossil fuels since the beginning of the Industrial revolution has substantially increased the levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere .
2010-04-27 5:37 am
溫室氣體(Greenhouse Gas, GHG)或稱溫室效應氣體是指大氣中促成溫室效應的氣體成分。自然溫室氣體包括水氣(H2O),水氣所產生的溫室效應大約佔整體溫室效應的60-70%,其次是二氧化碳(CO2)大約佔26%,其他還有臭氧(O3)、甲烷(CH4)、氧化亞氮(又稱笑氣,N2O)、以及人造溫室氣體氯氟碳化物(CFCs)、全氟碳化物(PFCs)、氫氟碳化物(HFCs),含氯氟烴(HCFCs)及六氟化硫(SF6)等。

溫室氣體的共同點,就在於它們對可見光透明,對紅外線不透明。由於太陽輻射以可見光居多,這些可見光可直接穿透大氣層,到達並加熱地面。而加熱後的地面會發射紅外線從而釋放熱量,但這些紅外線不能穿透大氣層,因此熱量就保留在地面附近的大氣中,從而造成溫室效應。

水蒸氣是最主要的溫室氣體,但與二氧化碳不同,水蒸氣可以凝結成水。因此大氣中的水蒸氣含量基本穩定,不會出現其它溫室氣體的累積現象。因此現在討論溫室氣體時並不考慮水蒸氣。

近年來最引人注意的反常全球氣溫快速上升,主要是由於人為作用,使大氣中溫室氣體的濃度極劇上升所導致的。人類近代歷史上的溫室效應,與過去相比特別的顯著,全球暖化即適用於形容現在的異常情形。之所以如此,是由於工業革命以來,人類燃燒化石燃料而使二氧化碳含量急劇增加,近十年來增加將近30%;其次是甲烷,從飼養牲畜的糞便發酵,污水泄漏,稻田糞肥發酵等活動產生的;還有許多人類合成的,自然界原本不存在的氣體,如氟里昂。溫室氣體的增加,加強了溫室效應,是造成全球暖化的主要原因,已成為世界各國家的共識,也是一種全球性的污染京都議定書正是為了採取措施減少溫室氣體排放,由聯合國發起,世界各國達成的協議。
2010-04-22 4:24 am
溫室氣體是由大氣自然產生,其他因素則是人類的活動而產生。
溫室氣體包括水蒸氣、二氧化碳、甲烷、氧化亞氮和臭氧。

當燃燒固體廢物會釋放出二氧化碳(如石油和天然氣)

生產及運送煤、天然氣和石油時便會釋放出甲烷

工農業活動以至燃燒固體廢物和化石燃料,均會釋放出氧化亞氮



2010-04-21 20:27:25 補充:
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2010-04-18 3:16 am
The Greenhouse Effect is a term that refers to a physical property of the Earth's atmosphere. If the Earth had no atmosphere, its average surface temperature would be very low of about -18 rather than the comfortable 15 found today. The difference in temperature is due to a suite of gases called greenhouse gases which affect the overall energy balance of the Earth's system by absorbing infra-red radiation. In its existing state, the Earth-atmosphere system balances absorption of solar radiation by emission of infrared radiation to space (Fig. 1). Due to greenhouse gases, the atmosphere absorbs more infrared energy than it re-radiates to space, resulting in a net warming of the Earth-atmosphere system and of surface temperature. This is the Natural Greenhouse Effect. With more greenhouse gases released to the atmosphere due to human activity, more infrared radiation will be trapped in the Earth's surface which contributes to the Enhanced Greenhouse Effect.


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