'What happens' could usually be put into a sentence liek this. "What happens after?" or "What happens next?" . 'What happened' would be used like this: "What happened before the fight?" or "What happened before you went to school?" .
'What happens' is usually incorrect on its own for what I know.
"What happened?" is correct. You could say "What happens" but it needs to be followed by a question. Like, "What happens when you light a cat's tail on fire?" That's just the first thing I thought of.