綠海龜(20點)

綠蠵龜（學名Chelonia mydas），又名綠海龜，是海洋中的爬蟲類動物。一生中大多的時間都在海中生活，但演化過程中仍然保留了部分祖先的生活方式，所以必須回到陸地上產卵，繁育後代，形成了一種較獨特的生活習性。



綠蠵龜廣泛分佈在熱帶及亞熱帶海域中，即約南北緯度20℃等溫線之間的海域,並在水溫逾攝氏25度的沙灘上產卵。由於牠用肺呼吸，於海中的潛水深度極限約一、兩百公尺。綠蠵龜的主食為海中的海草與大型海藻，因此體內脂肪累積了許多綠色色素，呈現淡綠色，也因而得名；背甲顏色則是從棕色有扇形的大花斑到接近墨綠黑等顏色不等。


綠蠵龜已瀕臨絕種，全世界僅剩下約20萬頭產卵母龜[2]，為避免因人類的捕殺及棲地之破壞，在國際生態保育聯盟（(IUCN); International Union for Conservation of Nature）紅皮書（Red list of threatened species）中，所有海龜名列為瀕臨絕種野生動、植物貿易公約（或簡稱華盛頓公約; (CITES); Convention of International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora）附錄一中的物種。



天敵與人為干擾

天敵


綠蠵龜的成龜因體型碩大、背及腹甲堅硬且游泳速度迅速，因此，除了人類之外，幾乎沒有什麼主要的天敵。雖然曾經有成龜失去一隻鰭狀肢或是鰭肢的末端有被噬咬的傷痕，但這種類似被鯊魚或其他凶猛的動物如鱷魚等攻擊的狀況並不多見。但小綠蠵龜的天敵卻是非常多，在陸地有各種沙灘上的動物，如：家畜、沙蟹、浣熊、紅螞蟻、蛇、猛禽等都會對小龜進行攻擊，在海中則有各種肉食性的魚類如：鯊魚、旗魚等。由於缺乏足夠的防禦的能力、小海龜的背殼還不夠堅硬、跑（游）的又不夠快，因此很容易成為這些天敵的美食，小綠蠵龜在第一年的死亡率很高，研究資料估計，小於千分之一的小綠蠵龜能夠長大為成龜。[來源請求




人為干擾




在佛州基韋斯特獵殺綠蠵龜。


在人為干擾方面，產卵棲地的破壞包括騷擾產卵母龜、不當挖掘龜卵、捕捉小海龜及不當的建設開發、挖取沙灘沙石移作他用、岸上燈光設置。騷擾產卵母綠蠵龜包括刻意的捕抓與無意的探訪干擾，尤其以不知情遊客的沙灘活動居多，因此海龜生態教育與生態旅遊對保育綠蠵龜非常重要。過多的干擾會使母龜無法產卵，並可能永遠放棄該產卵棲地；而不當挖掘龜卵、捕捉小綠蠵龜更是直接減少新生小龜數量，以上三因素都會使產卵棲地的綠蠵龜族群數量減少。



不當的建設開發、挖取沙灘沙石移作他用會使得沙灘變成礫灘，甚至消失。如此一來，母龜不但無處產卵，小海龜脫殼出後也會因爬不過礫石而曬死沙灘上。另外，岸上燈光設置，沙灘附近的路燈及或建築物所發出的強光，會干擾憑藉趨光性尋找海洋的稚龜，而找不到下海的路，過程中慘遭天敵的毒手或是曝屍道路上。



在海洋棲地的人為危害包括不當漁法造成海龜混獲問題嚴重，使得每年死於誤補的海龜不計其數，因此NOAA大力推廣海龜脫逃器（Turtle_excluder_device），以減少海龜混獲的數量。另外海洋的污染也會使得海龜感染疾病，殘留的釣魚線也可能纏繞海龜四肢或頭頸造成海龜的斷肢甚至死亡。以上這些人為的破壞，都嚴重降低海龜族群的存活率。

2010-02-02 21:50:46 補充：
Green Turtle (genus Chelonia mydas), also known as the green turtle is ocean reptiles. Most of the time life in the sea life, but evolution has retained some ancestral way of life, it must return to lay their eggs on land, breeding generations, forming a more unique habits.

2010-02-02 21:51:09 補充：
Green turtles are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical waters, namely, north and south latitude of approximately 20 ℃ isotherm between the sea and the water temperature over 25 degrees Celsius on the beach to lay eggs.

2010-02-02 21:52:53 補充：
~Because of its use lungs to breathe in the sea diving depth limit of about one to two hundred meters. The staple food of green turtles in the sea of seaweed and large algae, so body fat has accumulated a number of green pigment, showing light green, and hence the name;

2010-02-02 21:53:09 補充：
~ color of the carapace is brown with a large fan-shaped dark green to nearly black piebald colors, etc. range.Green Turtle on the verge of extinction, the world leaving only about 200,000 egg-laying female turtles [2]

2010-02-02 21:53:31 補充：
, in order to avoid human hunting and habitat of the destruction, the International Union for Conservation Ecology ((IUCN); International Union for Conservation of Nature) Red Data Book (Red list of threatened species),

2010-02-02 21:53:39 補充：
all sea turtles listed as endangered species of wild animals and plants Trade Convention (or simply the Washington Convention; (CITES); Convention of International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) Appendix one species.

2010-02-02 21:53:54 補充：
Predators and human disturbance

Natural enemies


Turtles into a turtle because of huge size, back and plastron hard and fast swimming speed, therefore, in addition to humans, almost no major predators. While the turtles have

2010-02-02 21:54:06 補充：
lost a fin Youcheng or flipper-like limbs being the end of the bite wounds, but similar to the shark, or other ferocious animals such as crocodiles and other attacks on the status of rare. However, the small green turtle's natural enemies are very large,

2010-02-02 21:54:27 補充：
in a variety of beach land animals, such as: livestock, sand crabs, raccoons, red ants, snakes, birds of prey so on, will attack a small turtle in the sea there are all kinds of meat of fish such as: shark, swordfish and so on.

2010-02-02 21:54:57 補充：
The lack of adequate defense capabilities, a small turtle shell back hard enough, run (swim) is not fast enough, it can easily become the food of these predators, the small green turtles in the first year of high mortality rates,

2010-02-02 21:55:07 補充：
research we estimate that less than a thousandth of a small green turtles can grow up to become turtle.

2010-02-02 21:55:17 補充：
Human disturbance




Key West in Florida, killing the green turtles.


In the human disturbance, the destruction of spawning habitat, including harassment of nesting female turtles, turtle eggs are improperly excavated to capture the turtles and

2010-02-02 21:55:26 補充：
improper construction of the development of beach sand digging diversion, set up lights on shore. Harassment of nesting female green turtles, including deliberately catch them and do not intend to interfere with the visits, especially to innocent tourists, beach

2010-02-02 21:55:34 補充：
activities, mostly, so sea turtles eco-education and eco-tourism on the conservation of green turtles is very important. Too much interference from the mother turtle will not lay eggs, and could never abandon the nesting habitat; without digging turtle eggs as to

2010-02-02 21:55:43 補充：
capture a small green turtle is a direct reduction in the number of new small turtles, these three factors will cause the spawning habitat the green turtle population has decreased.



Improper construction of the development of beach sand digging diversion would make the

2010-02-02 21:55:50 補充：
beach become a gravel beach, or even disappear. In this way, the mother turtle is not only no place to lay eggs, the turtles, after shelling out the gravel, but also from climbing while Shaisi the beach. In addition, the lighting set up on shore, beach or buildings near

2010-02-02 21:55:59 補充：
the street and issued by the glare, would interfere with phototaxis for juvenile sea turtles, but can not find the sea route, the process suffered a murderous scheme enemies dead on the road, or Pu .



In the marine habitat man-made hazards include improper fishing methods have been

2010-02-02 21:56:14 補充：
serious problems caused by mixing of sea turtles, making false complement of sea turtles die each year from numerous, so NOAA vigorously promote sea turtle escape devices (Turtle_excluder_device), in order to reduce the number of sea turtles have been

2010-02-02 21:56:18 補充：
mixed. Another marine pollution from sea turtles also make infection, residual fishing line entanglement of sea turtles may also be caused by the turtle's limbs or head and neck amputation and even death. These man-made destruction, have seriously reduced the survival rate of sea turtle populations

2010-02-02 21:57:28 補充：
慢慢睇la..
因為補充的時候..只能打300字

綠海龜
綱：爬蟲綱　目：龜鱉目　科：海龜科
．中國國家二級重點保護野生動物
．瀕危
海龜是龜鱉目動物中唯一生活在海洋的物種，主要是近海的地方，成熟的雌性海龜交配後會洄游到海灘上產卵。綠海龜的體型較大，背甲的曲線可長達1米多，屬於雜食性動物，以海草、海藻、魚、蝦等為主食，因此體內積聚了許多綠色色素，使背甲呈橄欖綠色。因缺乏天敵，牠們的壽命可長達100年或以上。
中國分佈：北起山東沿海、南至北部灣的山東、江蘇、浙江、福建、臺灣、廣東等地
現況：由於海灘環境受到滋擾或破壞，使雌海龜無處產卵或剛孵化的幼龜無法爬回海中，加上人類亂捕濫獵，或被魚網所困而溺斃，海龜數目因而大幅下降，接近瀕危。