請解釋金融上幾個bond的種類

1. Bid Bond:

在投標的過程中，一名擔保人向項目擁有者發出 投標保證 (Bid Bond).
藉此保證勝出投標者會覆行標書中的條款。
如果勝出投標者未能覆行合約 或達至滿意表現 或 如期付款，勝出投標者的按金將會被沒收。
投標保證 (Bid Bond) 可保障 及保証 投標者 (如勝出) 會依約執行合約.

"A bid bond is issued as part of a bidding process by the surety to the project owner, to guarantee that the winning bidder will undertake the contract under the terms at which they bid.
The cash deposit is subject to full or partial forfeiture if the winning contractor fails to either execute the contract or provide the required performance and/or payment bonds. The bid bond assures and guarantees that should the bidder be successful, the bidder will execute the contract and provide the required surety bonds." [1]

2. Performance Bond/Guarantee
"A performance bond is a surety bond issued by an insurance company or a bank to guarantee satisfactory completion of a project by a contractor." [3]
和剛才的bid Bond 類似，都係一種"擔保"，不過係由保險公司或銀行發出，而擔保事項則為某方(多數係合約承辦商) 會「做好佢份工」。有任何意外導致未能達標的話，保險公司或銀行會作出賠償。

3. Maintenance Bond
"Bond guaranteeing against defects for a specified time period following the completion of a contract." [4]
在工程完成後，對維修/保養所作出的擔保 / 保証

4. Advance Payment Bond/Guarantee
"Guarantee supplied by a party receiving an advance payment to the party advancing the payment. It provides that the advanced sum will be returned if the agreement under which the advance was made cannot be fulfilled. Also called advance payment guarantee." [5]

由收取預先款項(advance payment)一方 (R) 對 付出預先款項 一方 (P) 所作的保証 或 擔保。如 R 未能跟據 合約或協議完成 預繳款項 之相關工作，R 需要償還預繳之款項予 P.

總括而言，四種都係某種型式的「保証/擔保」，只是保証事項不同。
我諗，多數都係工程合約上出現。

P.S. 以上解說並非任何法律或合約之正式用語。如有需要，請詢問獨立法律意見。以上資料，只供參考.

Source:
[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bid_bond
[2] 投標保證保險: http://www.nciku.com.tw/search/en/detail/Bid-bond%20insurance/105671
[3] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Performance_bond
[4] http://www.investorwords.com/2918/maintenance_bond.html
[5] http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/advance-payment-bond.html