為甚麼要加ing?

When there is a preposition like " by" and "in" after a noun or a verb, it is
neccessary to change the following action into a noun.

For example,

The government should promote Chinese opera by setting up a
platform on the Internet to collect ideas.

This pattern is called "gerund ". If translate it into Chinese, we call
it " 動名詞".


# ps: In the above case that you asked, " avoiding " and " heeding " are nouns.
They are not gerunds.

2009-11-26 20:15:45 補充：
If we take away " by", they ( heeding and avoiding) are nouns equally because a subject
is placed in the second part of your sentence.

Remember that whether the " ing" form is present continuous tense or gerund depends largely on the preposition.

1 係.除咗to,所有前置詞後面嘅動詞,都要+ing,變動名詞,heeding, avoiding.to要睇情況,look forward to /get used to /accustomed to就要+ing,其他大部份都唔使.
2假設句,因為佢話假如.但唔係虛擬語氣/句型(發生嘅機會低到差唔多冇),其實句型唔係幾重要.
If xx were xxx, would have 過去分詞

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the verb after by must be a noun.
since the verb+ing is gerund which is noun, not verb.
in most cases, the verb after preposition must be a noun.
eg, in , on, by , with, for, from............etc.they are prepositions

eg He depends on selling books for living
eg we can turn off the tv by pressing the power switch.(if use press, there will be 2 verbs,turn and press. it is not correct since one sentence only allows 1 verb)
eg She is interested in reading love story.

Remember this! -ing means that the form of the word is present continuous tense, not because by is following after the word.

2009-11-26 20:03:40 補充：
Remember this! -ing means that the form of the word is present continuous tense, not because by is following after the word.

2009-11-26 20:03:54 補充：
Remember this! -ing means that the form of the word is present continuous tense, not because by is following after the word.