英文的一連串問題

1 Collecting stamps 要用眾數，而 Stamp collecting 則不必。

後者正確的寫法原本應是 Stamp-collecting，然近代英文趨向簡便，故Stamp collecting 已屬可接受的寫法。

Collecting stamps = Stamp collecting

兩者意思相同。唯一須注意的是，作為 subject 的話，用 Stamp collecting 會較為「順耳」；但就算用了 Collecting stamps 也不能算錯。而作為 object 的話則兩者皆可。

Stamp collecting is my hobby.
My hobby is collecting stamps.
My hobby is stamp collecting.

2 Enjoy 之後不用 doing 才是奇怪!

Verb + ing = Gerund (Noun)

Gerund 的作用是把 verbs 變成 nouns，以用作句子裡的 subject 或 object。

英文中有一系列 verbs 及 expressions，其伸延部份需要用 gerund。

就記憶所及，現列出部份例子如下：

Admit
Anticipate
Appreciate
Avoid
Be used to
Can't help
Can't stand
Complete
Consider
Defer
Delay
Deplore
Detest
Deny
Discuss
Dislike
Dread
Enjoy
Escape
Finish
It is no use
It is worth
Keep
Loathe
Look forward to
Mention
Mind
Miss
Postpone
Practice
Prevent...from
Quit
Recall
Recommend
Regret
Resent
Resist
Risk
Stop
Suggest
Tolerate

歡迎其他知識友補充。

3 Can 的 past form 就是 Could

John: I believe I can pass the exam this year!

Mother: Oh yeah? You thought you could pass the exam last year, too! But, did you?

但當用於詢問或提議時，Could 則是一種比 Can 較為婉轉客氣的表達方式：

Tom, could you please help me with this computer program?

You could perhaps ask Peter. He is the expert!

4 除了其後需要用 gerund 的動詞外，其餘動詞的伸延部份則要用 Infinitive。

Infinitive = to + verb (eg. to play / to go / to do / to be...)

5 Closed questions 應是 Close-ended questions，指答案只有 Yes / No 的問題：Do you like ice-cream?

若需要演譯而不能單憑 Yes / No 作答的問題則稱為 Open-ended questions：How do you go to school?

6 Closed 或 Close-ended 是 Past Participle，作用是已完成的被動式形容詞：

The cooking woman is my mother.
正在烹調中的女人是我媽媽。
Cooking 是 Present Participle，作用是進行中的主動式形容詞

The cooked man is my father.
已被煮熟了的男人是我爸爸。

7 If I were you (如果我是你) 之所以會用 were，只是英文的傳統習慣；作用是讓聽者一聽便知說者只是在作出不可能的假設 (因我沒可能是你)。

不單是 I，連 He / She 或任何 subject 在這種情況下都一律需要用 were：

If I were you, I would not join the contest.

If she were your mother, she would kill you!

If he were your boss, you would rather die!

你所問的範圍很大，當中每個題目都可以寫上數百字；在此只能蜻蜓點水的簡略回答。要清楚各種用法，還是熟讀 Grammar 書最實際!

希望對你有幫助!

1) 其實2者最主要ge分別係個part of speech, collecting stamp係action(verb+...), 而stamp collecting 係noun phrase/adjective.
有時可通用,eg. One of my habbits is collecting stamp./ is stamp collecting.
不過有d phrase 5得, 好似raising fund/fund raising
eg. The programme is raising fund. It is a fund raising programme. 2者5可以調轉!
或者你記住, verb-ing+ noun 當verb咁用, 而noun+ verb-ing 係adjective/ noun phrase.
2) o係呢句+doing 係指明一個action, eg. enjoy reading, watching tv, listening to music etc., 如果冇doing 就係指一個noun, 可以係虛無d, eg. enjoy the freedom, the relaxation etc.
+doing 就5可以咁答嫁
3) could同can係可以通用ge:] 正好似should同shall, may同might...以前可能有分別,,不過e+已互用
4) 其實好多字都係跟bare form, 好似d model verb, ie. can, could, should, may, might...
基本上有3類, 1)bare-infinitive 2)to-infinitive 3)gerund (verb+ing) 例子有好多,,或者你可以上網search下
5) closed qn 係指得2/幾個ans, eg. yes/no qn, which- qn, 有特定ans, 而opened qn 係有好多自己諗ge ans, eg. what/ when/who/where/why 呢d qn tag, ans可以有好多變化, so-called opened
6) verb+ed 其實有一用法係當adjective, eg. There is a recovered wound on his hand. 意思即係 there is a wound which has been recovered on his hand.
又eg2. the repaired car = the car has been repaired
eg3. the acquired knowledge =the knowledge has been acquired
7) if i were u 係impossible case, 冇可能ge case係用past tense ge! i 比較特別, 習慣上用were, 冇乜原因. 而當if-clause 係past tense, main-clause 就要用would...
eg. if i were a millionaire, i would travel around the world. 雖然將來有機會做millionaire, 不過可能性好低, 而且呢一刻5係, 所以都係用if i WERE ....

希望幫到你:]