✔ 最佳答案
Short answer in a more theoretical physical point of view:
In a sense, the questioner had the answer already as he or she mentioned the key word 對枰 (symmetry).
In writing down a field theory, we often require (1) POINCARE SYMMETRY, including translation, rotation and boost in space-time (you know, the latter two formed the Lorentz group of relativistic transformation), and (2) GAUGE SYMMETRY, e.g. U(1) for electromagnetic field describing interaction between charged particles, SU(2) for weak interaction, or SU(3) for strong interaction.
The existence of anti-matter relies on the preservation of the two symmetries as shall be illustrated in the following simple model.
Consider a gamma ray incident on a metal and scattered into an electron-positron pair moving in opposite direction. If one views the experiment in another reference frame moving faster than the electron, then one will see the gamma ray hits the electron and accelerates it. Hence, the positron in the stationary frame is an electron in the moving frame.
Here Poincare symmetry allows relativistic transformation of reference frames from one another, and the U(1)-gauge symmetry implies charge conservation (so that electron has charge).
For more general gauge symmetry, one has a generalized concept of charge and current of matter. But the existence of anti-matter still relies on both Poincare and gauge symmetry
參考: Any textbook on quantum field theory (such as Peskin's)