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Marketing research, in simple term, is to find the market, selling etc. of a company should take. Let says for example, a tourist industry, you have to formulate the marketing strategy and to analyze the market segment ( Places to go ) and the customers ( by age, by sectors of job-holders or students, by habits etc. ) of your company and the selling policies with go to the target you want to make.
You can start a small business with small capital and a few persons are involved. However, if your company is to grow to target to be a big company, there may need the introduction of new capital and new professional personnels to manage the business. In this case, a limited company should be established first. The shareholders will have the clear defined profit sharing ration but with limited liability. More people will join in means more capital will be injected. To spread out the risks and getting more capital of the tourist businesses, separate limited companies may have to be established for different interested parties and a group structure will sooner or later be established.