1.
3a - 9ab - 4a + 10ba =
Combine a and ab terms:
(3a - 4a = -a; -9ab + 10ab = ab ... remember 10ba = 10ab)
-a + ab =
or, more simply written as
ab - a =
Alternatively, you could then factor out "a", to get:
a ( b - 1 ) =
2.
-12 x^3 y^2 / (12 x^3 y^2 ) =
Notice that both have "12", "x^3" and "y^2", which will cancel since you are dividing:
-12 / 12 = -1; x^3 / x^3 = 1; y^2 / y^2 = 1
Multiply them all together, you get
-1
Aside: If you had other x^?? or y^?? terms, then you would divide them out; for example, x^3 / x^2 would simplify to x (or x^1, which is written as just "x")