ACCOUNT

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1. Going Concern繼續經營
The assumption of going concern is that an entity is able to continue business in the foreseeable future. Financial statements shall be prepared on a going concern basis unless management either intends or needs to liquidate or curtail materially the cale of its operations.

2. Consistency一般概念
The accounting treatment of similar items should be consistent from one period to another, unless the change of presentation can make a true and fair view of the firm.

3. Accrual應計概念
Revenues and expenses are recognized and included in profit and loss account at the time when they are earned or incurred, not when they are received or paid.

4. Matching 相配概念
The matching principle links revenue with its relevant expense or cost. Until a sale in recognised as revenue, the cost relating to that sale cannot be recognised.

5. Realisation實現概念
Revenue for a period is determined by applying the relisation principle, which requires that revenue be recognised in the period when goods are sold or when services are rendered.

6. Conservatism穩健概念
In case of doubts, accountants should choose a treatment which minimises the reported figure of profit and asset valuation, or maximises the reported figure of loss and liability valuation.

7. Historical cost歷史概念
Assets and expenses are entered into the books at their actual cost to the business. Cost is the exchange price agreed upon by the parties to he exchange. Market value and list price are generally ignored.

8. Business entity企業個體
A business is considered as a seperate entity distinguishable from its owner and from all other entities. A separate set of accounting record should be kept for each firm and the financial statements represent the financial position and results of operations of that firm only.

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9. Materiality重點鉅數
materiality refers to the relative size of an item or event. Financial statement should seperately disclose items that are significant enough to influence decisions of users.

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Judgments with regard to the materiality of an item or event are based on knowledge of the company and past experience.

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10. stable monetary measure貸幣穩定假設
Under the stable monetary measure assumption, changes in the purchasing power of money are ignored. Accounting transactions are recorded and reported in dollar amounts that are assumed to have constant value over time.

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11. Quantifiability數量表達
Only transactions capable of being expressed in monetary terms should be included in the accounting records of a business entity.