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The sources of man-made pollution usually come from domestic and industrial sewerage, effluents from livestock farms, manufacturing and agro-based industries, suspended solids from mining, housing and road construction, logging and clearing of forest and heavy metals from factories.
Rivers contaminated by all these kinds of sewage contain high levels of organic pollutants, and they become breeding grounds for harmful bacteria and viruses that may cause either mass die-offs or reduced resistance to diseases and loss of reproductive ability of fish and other aquatic organisms.
Also sewage pollution causes outbreaks of water borne diseases such as cholera, typhoid and hepatitis A that are detrimental to human.
Besides that, pollutants such as heavy metals, pesticides and herbicides pose health hazards to human beings. Consumption of fish, prawn or cockles that have accumulated heavy metal pollutants result in disturbed reproduction rates and life spans. Pesticide and herbicide contamination may lead to death or chronic long-term illness in humans as well as impair the fertility and development of humans.