✔ 最佳答案
Surnames hadn't been invented at that time and place. If anything it would have been Bar Joseph (son of Joseph) as that was one method used to tell people with the same name apart.
Note that even in English, surnames have been used for less than 1000 years, and there are still countries in the world that don't use them. One example is Iceland, where people only have a first name. They make a surname by taking their father's name and adding -son or -dottir as appropriate. This is why their telephone books are in order of first names.