D/P 及 CAD 付款方法分別

Documents against Payments (D／P) 是付款交單


付款交單是指出口人的交單是以進口人的付款為條件。即出口人發貨後，取得裝運單據，委托銀行辦理托收，並在托收委托書中指示銀行，只有在進口人付清貸款後，才能把商業單據交給進口人。按付款時間的不同，付款交單又可分為即期付款交單和遠期付款交單。


(1)即期付款交單(Documents against Payment at sight，簡稱D／P at sight) 即期付款交單是指出口人發貨後開具即期匯票連同商業單據，通過銀行向進口人提示，進口人見票後立即付款，在付清貸款後向銀行領取商業單據。


(2)遠期付款交單(Documents against Payment after sight，簡稱D／P after sight) 遠期付款交單是指出口人發貨後開具遠期匯票連同商業單據，通過銀行向進口人提示，進口人審核無誤後即在匯票上進行承兌，於匯票到期日付清貨款後再領取商業單據。


以上說明，不論是即期付款交單或是遠期付款交單，進口商必須在付清貸款之後，才能取得單據，提取或轉售貨物。


http://www.optik.idv.tw/?p=180


另一資料解釋:

The exporter makes shipment and sends the shipping documents to the exporter's bank for collection. The exporter's bank then sends the shipping documents along with a collection letter to the importer's bank, who then sends a collection notice to the importer. The importer makes payment upon receiving the notice, and only after payment does the importer receive the original shipping documents with which you take the physical possession of the goods.

The major advantage of the use of a cash against documents payment is the low cost, versus using a letter of credit. But, this is offset by the risk that the importer will for some reason reject the documents (or they will not be in order). Since the cargo would already be loaded (to generate the documents), we have little recourse against the importer in cases of non-payment. So, a payment against documents arrangement involves a high level of trust between the exporter and the importer.

http://www.binocularschina.com/guide/payment.html



Cash Against Documents (CAD) 是付現交單


屬交貨時付款之銷售條件，此種付款方式為賣方買賣契約之約定，在出口地完成出口裝運後，備妥後運單據（Shipping Documents）在出口地、進口地或第三國向買方指定之銀行或代理人提示單據並收取貨款，想了解其作業流程及風險詳情, 請參考:

http://blog.cnexp.net/more.asp?name=yat-zhou&id=7832


另一資料解釋:

http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-cash-against-documents.htm

2009-03-30 17:42:52 補充：
其他有關兩者的比較:

http://club.china.alibaba.com/forum/thread/view/51_22062499_.html

http://article.tradehr.com/article/4014/art_information.html

但亦有說兩者是一樣的:

http://resources.alibaba.com/topic/15683/Dangers_of_D_P_.htm

2009-03-30 19:48:36 補充：
另有朋友告訴我, 兩者是一樣的. 感謝她提出 ^_^

There is a difference between CAD and D/P:

For CAD, if all the documents are correct at time of presentation, the buyer has obligation to pay in cash (by cheque or direct transfer to bank account). This usually calls for an simultaneous action on both ends.

2009-04-04 15:37:30 補充：
For CAD, there is no delayed payment terms since it calls for cash payment.

For D/P, it actually calls for telex transfer. That is, when the shipper presents the documents to the buyer's bank, and if all documents are confirmed ok, the bank will advise the buyer to approve the payment.

2009-04-04 15:44:06 補充：
However, for D/P, even if all documents have no problem, the shipper can still choose not to pay. Their bank has no obligation to chase for payment. Their role will be more like an agent.

2009-04-04 15:45:39 補充：
If the buyer choose not to approve the payment, the seller will never get the payment unless they put the case for jurisdiction.

2009-04-04 15:46:30 補充：
In conclusion, for a CAD term the buyer's bank must have some form of mortgage or deposit from the seller so that the bank can process payment at time of documents presentation.

In this kind of deal the buyer cannot stop the payment process if all documents are correct.

2009-04-04 15:57:48 補充：
As for D/P, tough it is processed through banks, the buyer can just ignore their bank's request on payment. All they do is just not to approve the payment.

Though it will leave a bad record in their bank, it is not fatal for their creditability.

如果D/P係遠期的話，給多3個月，一般有以下費用
COMM ON IC
RETIRE BY TR LOAN
POSTAGE
TELEX CHARGES

如果D/P係近期的話，即由戶口扣
COMM ON LC
POSTAGE
TELEX CHARGES

唔會有個RERTIRE BU TR LOAN

2009-03-30 12:34:43 補充：
一般來講，
DBS做的費用
COMM ON IC 係HKD350
POST 係HKD50
TELEX CHANGES係HKD400

2009-03-30 12:44:01 補充：
至於做D/P要提供的文件有
BILL OF LADING
COMMERCIAL INVOICE
PACKING LIST
NON-NEGOTIABLE B/L
DECLARATION
CERT. OF ORIGIN
HEALTH CERT.

PAYMENT INSTRUCTIONS

不過要視乎你乜公司，平時我間公司要做要提供這D嘢。

2009-03-31 09:43:37 補充：
我最初見到答案講到好似有分別，咪問我船務部同事。
咁佢話冇，你唔信去查invoice 、d/p 文件。

咁我咪去查單。
我見同一份文件，
由DBS 來，係寫。
USANCE : AT SIGHT
DOC AGAINST SIGHT PAYMENT
即係DP

但係，
發票係寫
DESC那度。
PAYMENT 寫上
CASH AGAINST DOCUMENT
CAD

這個完全係睇文件。

好似仲話，CAD係外國用，D/P係香港用